TOP200 list of sales of real estate enterprises in China in 2019

Source: real estate people’s words
☉ Wen/Kerui Research Center
List revision instructions
This year is the 11th year that Kerui compiled the sales list of China real estate enterprises, from the initial TOP20 to TOP50, TOP100 and TOP200;; From the single sales list to the launch of the trading list representing trading ability and the equity list of investment ability, we have been truly, rigorously and fairly recording the industry changes, pattern evolution and model innovation in the past 10 years.
Since January 2019, on the basis of the original sales flow list and equity list, we have added a sales full-caliber list. Full-scale sales refers to the statistical method that all projects of enterprise groups and joint ventures and associated companies are included in the performance, regardless of the proportion of equity and whether they are trading. Because the agent construction belongs to the export management behavior, the sales performance generated by the agent construction is not included in the full-caliber list data. The full-caliber list reflects the enterprise’s urban layout and project expansion ability.
The trading list is based on enterprise trading, that is, if a project is jointly developed by a number of housing enterprises, the performance of the project is only classified as trading enterprises. It reflects the marketing and trading ability of the enterprise, and the sales performance generated by the enterprise’s agent construction is included in the statistics of trading caliber.
The equity list is based on the proportion of corporate equity, that is, if a project cooperates with a number of housing enterprises, the performance of the project will be included in the corresponding enterprises according to the proportion of equity. It reflects the financial strength and investment ability of the enterprise. (Note: The data of equity caliber does not include the equity of the parent company and related parties, and the employee’s follow-up investment)
In view of the fact that most listed real estate enterprises have changed the caliber of performance announcement from consolidated statement to full caliber, readers who need to compare with the data released by listed companies can refer to the full caliber list.
List interpretation
In 2019, the cumulative equity sales amount of TOP100 real estate enterprises increased by 6.5% year-on-year, far less than 40.5% in 2017 and 35.1% in 2018. By the end of December, most large-scale housing enterprises have achieved their annual performance targets, but the overall overfulfilled rate is not as good as that in 2016 and 2017.
On the whole, the market environment for the industry to maintain long-term and stable development has become clear. It is expected that the overall scale growth of enterprises will continue to rise steadily in 2020, and the differentiation pattern within the top 100 housing enterprises will also be continued. While the sales threshold of real estate enterprises in each echelon is further improved and the competition is intensified, TOP30 will become an important watershed for scale development.
01
Overall performance: the growth rate of the industry slowed down significantly.
Better performance in the second and fourth quarters
In 2019, with the central government’s clear goal of "stabilizing land prices, stabilizing housing prices and stabilizing expectations", market regulation tends to be normalized, the credit level gradually tightens, and the real estate market develops steadily and healthily. As of the end of December, the cumulative equity sales amount of TOP100 real estate enterprises increased by 6.5% year-on-year, which was less than 40.5% in 2017 and 35.1% in 2018. The growth rate of the overall scale of the industry has slowed down significantly compared with the previous two years, and the growth of the top 100 housing enterprises has "stalled".
Judging from the annual performance trend, the overall sales performance of the top 100 real estate enterprises in the second and fourth quarters of this year was better, and the scale of equity sales increased by 7.5% and 11.7% respectively compared with the same period of last year. Among them, the "Xiaoyangchun" market in the first and second quarters, especially in March and April, increased the market enthusiasm, and the monthly year-on-year growth rate rebounded significantly from the beginning of the year. After the second half of the year, enterprises increased their supply, and the year-on-year growth rate of performance also showed a rebound trend. Especially since September, it has coincided with the peak of supply at the end of the year, and the performance of enterprises has stabilized and rebounded under the promotion of both pushing and marketing efforts.
But on the whole, the real market situation is not as optimistic as the growth rate of corporate performance. At present, the market pressure of chemical industry still exists, and the overall chemical industry rate is still relatively low. Judging from the push and de-transformation of real estate enterprises throughout the year, the average single-plate production capacity of large-scale real estate enterprises in 2019 decreased compared with that in 2018, and the performance growth mainly depended on the increase in the number of projects on sale.
02
Concentration: echelon differentiation pattern intensifies
TOP30 scale development watershed
By the end of 2019, the concentration of equity sales amount of TOP3, TOP10, TOP30, TOP50 and TOP100 housing enterprises had reached nearly 9.5%, 21.4%, 35.7%, 43.5% and 53% respectively. In terms of echelons, while the overall growth rate of the industry has slowed down, the differentiation pattern of housing enterprises in the top 100 echelons has intensified.
Among them, the scale growth of leading real estate enterprises slowed down and the concentration decreased slightly under the strategy of improving quality control speed. TOP4-10, TOP11-20 echelon scale enterprises have increased in concentration, and echelon competition has intensified, while the concentration of TOP21-30 echelon housing enterprises is basically the same. On the whole, TOP30 echelon housing enterprises benefit from the scale effect, national layout and relatively mature internal control mechanism, and have more industry competitiveness and room for further improvement in the future. With the rapid accumulation of resources in the real estate market to advantageous enterprises, TOP30 housing enterprises have become a watershed in the scale development of housing enterprises.
It is worth noting that after TOP30 in 2019, the concentration of housing enterprises in each echelon showed a downward trend compared with that in 2018. The concentration of the TOP31-50, TOP51-100 and TOP101-200 echelons has declined, and the internal rankings of the echelons will change more frequently as the competition pattern further intensifies.
03
Threshold for listing: amount of equity of TOP100 housing enterprises
The threshold has dropped, and the expansion of 100 billion housing enterprises has slowed down.
In 2019, the threshold of equity sales amount of real estate enterprises in each echelon of TOP50 increased slightly compared with the same period of last year. Among them, the threshold of the equity amount of TOP10 housing enterprises reached 170.35 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.8%. The threshold of equity amount of TOP20 and TOP30 real estate enterprises is 111 billion yuan and 82.52 billion yuan respectively, and the threshold increase is 12% and 3.6% respectively. The competition pattern of TOP50 housing enterprises has intensified, and the threshold of equity amount has increased by 7.6% compared with the same period of last year to 51.71 billion yuan. By the end of December, the threshold of the equity amount of TOP100 enterprises in each echelon was reduced from 20.4 billion yuan last year to 18.78 billion yuan, while the threshold of TOP200 enterprises remained at around 6 billion yuan.
In addition, by the end of 2019, the number of full-caliber 100 billion housing enterprises increased by only 4 to 34 compared with the same period of last year, and the number of housing enterprises with a scale of 50-100 billion reached 33. Compared with the high increase in the previous two years, in 2019, under the background of slowing down the growth rate of the industry scale, the number of newly added 100 billion housing enterprises dropped significantly, and the expansion of large-scale housing enterprises slowed down.
04
Corporate performance: the leading housing enterprises grew steadily.
Evergrande ranked first in the equity list.
By the end of 2019, the full-caliber sales of the four leading real estate enterprises had exceeded 550 billion yuan, but the growth rate slowed down significantly compared with the same period in 2018. Among TOP4 housing enterprises, Evergrande achieved remarkable results through price reduction promotion in September and October, especially in October, when it achieved a monthly performance of 90.3 billion yuan. By the end of the year, the accumulated sales amount of full caliber was 608 billion yuan, exceeding the annual target of 600 billion yuan for the whole year, and the scale of equity sales ranked first in the industry.
Sunac, on the other hand, broke through 500 billion yuan for the first time by virtue of its merger and acquisition advantages, abundant sales volume and high-quality product quality, and its monthly sales for three consecutive months from September to November remained above 60 billion yuan. In 2019, the total sales amount of full caliber was 555.63 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of over 20%, which exceeded the annual sales target of 550 billion yuan. It is worth noting that, in addition to TOP4 housing enterprises, Poly is also close behind, and its full-scale performance this year exceeds 470 billion yuan.
05
Target completion rate: the vast majority of housing enterprises
Achieve the annual target as scheduled
Judging from the completion of corporate goals in 2019, most housing enterprises that set performance targets during the year have achieved their annual performance targets. Among them, 9 housing enterprises such as Shimao, Longhu, Sunshine City, Jinke, Zhongliang, Yuzhou and Baolong performed well, and completed the annual target ahead of schedule as early as November. By the end of December, the target completion rates of eight real estate enterprises, including Shimao, Sunshine City, Jinke, Zhongliang, Zhongjun and Jianye, were all above 115%.
On the whole, however, in recent years, regulation and control have continued, the overall market turnover rate is less than expected, and the target completion rate of housing enterprises has been decreasing year by year. Compared with 2016 and 2017, the target completion rate of nearly 80% of housing enterprises exceeded 110%, and the number of housing enterprises in this area decreased significantly in 2019. This year, the target completion rate of only half of housing enterprises is concentrated between 100% and 110%. We believe that under the background that the overall target growth rate of housing enterprises has slowed down and the average target growth rate has dropped from 41% in 2018 to 20%, although most housing enterprises have achieved their annual performance targets in 2019, their overall performance is not as good as that in 2016 and 2017.
06
Quality of growth: increased cooperation and decreased rights and interests.
The high-quality growth of enterprises should be paid more attention.
As can be seen from the data of the equity list, the overall project cooperation in the industry has increased in recent years, and the equity ratio of the sales amount of TOP100 housing enterprises has dropped from 85% in 2016 to about 75% at present. On the one hand, under the current industry background of high land price, tight funds for housing enterprises, increasing difficulty in land acquisition and development risks, cooperative development between housing enterprises has become the norm. On the other hand, under the current market background, more small-scale enterprises choose to expand the full-scale performance scale through cooperative development, and the overall equity ratio is correspondingly reduced.
However, we believe that in recent years, under the industry development trend of continuous policy regulation, slow growth of enterprise scale, leading real estate enterprises improving quality control speed and pursuing high-quality growth, the era of real estate enterprises blindly pursuing full-caliber sales scale has passed. Based on the increase of current project cooperation, the caliber of sales manipulation and equity can better reflect the marketing, operation and investment capabilities of enterprises, and should be paid more attention. For example, Country Garden, China Resources, Sunshine City, R&F, Kaisa and other enterprises all choose to disclose their equity performance, which also shows that their management has paid more attention to the high-quality growth of their performance while developing their scale.
07
Outlook: Enterprise Development Outlook in 2020
Looking forward to 2020, the main tone of the central government’s policy of "housing without speculation and keeping the word steady" will not change, and the central government will also strictly control financial risks. Stability will remain the top priority of real estate policy regulation in the next stage. At the enterprise level, although the overall market is under pressure, the environment for the industry to maintain long-term stable development has become clear. It is expected that the overall scale growth of large-scale housing enterprises will enter a stable period in the future. In the market adjustment period, the financing environment of housing enterprises will continue to operate at a low level, and corporate investment will remain cautious. In addition, with the return of residential products to the essence of living, more housing enterprises will exert their efforts from the product side in the future to enhance the competitiveness of their products through standardized product systems, refined products and intelligent construction.
Market: financial control, risk prevention and stability are the main tone.
Judging from the trend of industrial policies, the main tone of the central government’s "staying in the house without speculation, keeping the word steady" will not change in 2020, and stability will remain the top priority of real estate regulation and control policies in the next stage. On the one hand, the real estate industry is the most important area of deleveraging at this stage, and the central government will control financial risks to ensure that systematic financial risks do not occur. Monetary policy will be moderately tight to avoid flooding, but structural easing is expected. At the same time, with the downward movement of LPR interest rate center, the mortgage interest rate will also decrease steadily. On the other hand, local regulation will remain "loose outside and tight inside", the new talent policy will continue to exert its strength, and the "four limits" regulation will be partially relaxed, but the overall policy environment will continue to be tight.
Based on this, the overall transaction scale in 2020 is expected to be the same as this year or slightly increase, and the market of cities with different energy levels will be relatively independent. The property market in first-tier cities is expected to heat up slightly, while the overall stability of second-tier cities will continue, and the callback pressure will mainly focus on most third-and fourth-tier cities with serious overdraft demand in the early stage and lack of fundamental support. On the other hand, the investment in real estate development will keep a steady and slightly declining trend, and the acceleration of construction and completion will provide solid support for it. The cumulative growth rate of newly started area will gradually decline. Due to the tight capital and low base, the growth rate of land acquisition area will continue to rise, but the growth rate is relatively limited.
Performance: the scale growth tends to be stable, and the high-quality development of enterprises is the key.
Although the overall market pressure will be reduced in 2019, the market environment for the industry to maintain long-term stable development has become clear. It is expected that the overall scale growth of enterprises will enter a stable period in 2020, and the overall growth will remain stable. At the same time, the competition among echelon housing enterprises in the top 100 will intensify, and the differentiation pattern will also continue. Under such an industry background and competitive pattern, the strategy of housing enterprises should be based on prudence and stability. For housing enterprises, preventing risks and better adapting to market adjustment are the top priority.
At present, the era of housing enterprises blindly pursuing full-caliber sales scale has passed, and the development focus of enterprises has gradually shifted from "increment" to "quality improvement". While the overall target growth rate of housing enterprises is slowing down, the industry will also pay more attention to the high-quality growth of performance. In the context of market pressure, the growth of enterprise sales scale can not simply depend on the increase of supply, and the fierce industry competition in the future will put forward higher requirements for the organization, control and operation of housing enterprises themselves. Urban layout, brand effect, project quality and product strength will all be important components of the future core competitiveness of housing enterprises.
Investment: cash is king, and new investment continues to be cautious.
In 2020, the investment of housing enterprises will remain cautious, and differentiation, focus and prudence are the main themes. First of all, under the background of loose policies and tight financing, the cash pressure of most enterprises has increased sharply. It is expected that the investment attitude of enterprises will continue the conservative trend in the past two years, and land acquisition will return to rationality. Secondly, as the land market cools down and the comparable land price tends to fall, the land market in different cities may be divided, and some cities with "the bottom line has not fallen and is expected to decline" may make concessions under local financial pressure. On the whole, the overall investment rhythm in 2020 will show a situation of "loose before and tight after". If the land acquired before the year can be listed within the year, it will still be attractive to enterprises with high turnover.
In the choice of cities, contraction, focus and regional deep cultivation will be the main strategic directions for the future layout of housing enterprises. In 2020, we should focus on first-and second-tier cities and provincial capital cities with rebounding market. In the choice of third-and fourth-tier cities, we should avoid full coverage and excessive sinking, be alert to the irrational rise of land prices and serious population loss in the early stage, and focus on the third-and fourth-tier cities with industrial support under the dividend of the city circle, such as the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the satellite cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. From the perspective of rotation, after a wave of adjustment in the third-and fourth-tier cities around the core of these rings, the future development prospects are still huge under the impetus of urban agglomeration and urban agglomeration dividends.
Financing: The financing environment is low, and the hematopoietic capacity of the enterprise itself is the key.
After the first quarter of 2019, the financing environment of housing enterprises is basically at the bottom, and the financing difficulty of housing enterprises has increased significantly after the window period. It is expected that the financing of housing enterprises will remain at a low level in the short term. From the perspective of financing costs, the financing costs of most enterprises are rising in 2019, mainly because the financing costs at home and abroad, especially the cost of issuing bonds abroad, continue to rise. And affected by the continuous increase of domestic financing restrictions, the proportion of overseas financing of enterprises has also continued to increase. It is expected that the financing cost of housing enterprises will continue to remain at a high level in the future.
In terms of financing channels, traditional financing channels such as trust loans, bank loans, corporate bonds and overseas debts are subject to more and more restrictions. Although the financing scale of asset securitization products has increased, it is still limited for the overall financing relief of housing enterprises. On the other hand, although the listing fever continued in 2019, the number of newly listed real estate enterprises continued to remain at a high level. But for housing enterprises, listing does not mean that it is a matter of course. From the perspective of long-term development, how to improve the repayment ability of enterprises, optimize their own financial structure, achieve high-quality development, and gain recognition from the capital market determines the ultimate benefit of housing enterprises’ listing.
Products: The housing returns to the essence of living, and the era of product bonus is coming.
At present, most large-scale housing enterprises have begun to cultivate deeply after completing the national layout, and the product war of housing enterprises has begun. As residential products begin to return to the essence of living, more housing enterprises will exert their strength from the product side and seek profit increase by creating product premiums. We believe that the product development of real estate enterprises in the future will have the following major trends:
First of all, more and more housing enterprises will focus on the standardization of product systems and promote the digital application of real estate. While strengthening the collaborative mechanism, we will further improve work efficiency and empower data-driven decision-making and production integration. Secondly, the change of customer demand accelerates the spatial innovation of residential units, and the customization and refinement of residential products will become a trend in the future. In the future, the continuous release of demand for diversification and improvement will force housing enterprises to accelerate the spatial innovation and refined development of product units. Third, in the pursuit of a better life, buyers’ measurement of living experience will gradually extend from the apartment type itself to the construction and operation of residential community space. The construction and operation of residential community space will also become one of the main selling points of future housing projects. Finally, with the increasing number of young buyers, the acceptance and recognition of intelligence will also be significantly improved. With the help of science and technology, smart homes and smart communities will be more used in projects, and the wave of product intelligence will continue.
Diversification: strategic convergence and focus, with real estate business as the axis extension.
In recent years, many large-scale housing enterprises have contracted diversified businesses and focused on the development of their main businesses through strategic adjustment. In the future, the overall diversification strategy of enterprises will become more cautious. On the one hand, it is difficult for some housing enterprises to find a suitable profit model for their diversified businesses, and the input-output efficiency is less than expected, thus dragging down the overall development of enterprises. Timely divestiture is a reasonable choice under the strategic contraction of housing enterprises. On the other hand, in the process of continuous exploration and trial and error of diversified business development, housing enterprises will pay more attention to tapping the potential of strong business, realize the effective allocation of resources, strengthen the focus and give play to their strong advantages. The diversified business of enterprises will still focus on the ecological business of real estate, with a clearer development direction and closer synergy with the main business of real estate.
Reporting/feedback

On the 12th, the highest temperature in Shiyan will hit 21℃! The latest weather forecast is coming.

In early January, the average temperature in our city was 5.8℃, 2.7℃ higher than normal. The highest temperature on the 9th was 19.9℃, and Yunxi County, Shiyan City, Yunyang District and Fangxian County were all the highest in the same period in history.

According to the latest meteorological data analysis: January is expectedThe average temperature in our city in the middle of the year is 3~ 4℃, about 1℃ higher than normal; The precipitation is 10 ~ 20 mm, which is obviously more than normal.15SolsticeThere was a rainy (snowy) weather process on the 19th.

From 11th to 13th, the city is expected to be sunny to cloudy, and the temperature will rise rapidly, which can be said to be an abnormal warming.12(th)The highest temperature can reach21℃;14thIncreased cloud cover;Beginning on the 15th, affected by cold and warm air, it cooled down the rainfall.

Recently, the temperature has changed greatly, reminding the public to pay attention to the latest weather forecast information in time, dress reasonably and prevent colds.

Specific forecast

Shiyan City:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny, 0 C ~ 19 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy, 3 C ~ 21 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 4℃ ~ 18℃;

Yunyang District:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny,-2 C ~ 19 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy, 2 C ~ 20 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 4℃ ~ 18℃;

Yunxi County:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny,-3 C ~ 19 C;

On the 12th, sunny to cloudy, 0℃ ~ 20℃;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 3℃ ~ 18℃;

Danjiangkou city:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny, 1 C ~ 18 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy, 4 C ~ 19 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 6℃ ~ 17℃;

Zhuxi County:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny,-3 C ~ 19 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy,-1 C ~ 18 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 1℃ ~ 18℃;

Zhushan County:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny, 0 C ~ 18 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy, 3 C ~ 18 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 4℃ ~ 18℃;

Fangxian county:

On the 11 th, it was cloudy to sunny,-1 C ~ 20 C;

On the 12 th, it was sunny to cloudy, 1 C ~ 20 C;

On the 13th, sunny to cloudy, 2℃ ~ 19℃;

Related links:

What should I do if I still cough for a long time after the acute respiratory infection improves?

Some patients’ cough persists for 3~8 weeks after the symptoms of acute respiratory infection disappear, and there is no obvious abnormality in chest X-ray examination, among which cough caused by viral cold is the most common, also known as "cough after cold".

If you have an occasional cough, you don’t need to take medicine.

If cough symptoms are obvious, it is suggested to use antitussive drugs for a short time, and compound methoxyphenamine has certain effect on cough after cold.

If there is more phlegm, you can take expectorants orally, such as ambroxol and guaifenesin.

Some children may suffer from chronic cough due to increased airway reactivity after respiratory tract infection, especially those with previous history of wheezing, eczema and allergies.

In addition to medical treatment under the guidance of a doctor, you should also try to avoid contact with pollen, tobacco, pets and so on. We can promote the discharge of sputum by atomizing treatment, patting the back, taking expectorants or treating with traditional Chinese medicine. Appropriate increase of air humidity is also beneficial to improve respiratory comfort.

Reporting/feedback

China’s financial opening up has made two big hits. This blue ocean opportunity, Americans are afraid to fall behind.

  Just two days after the news of French, German, Japanese and other commercial banks and insurance institutions applying to land in China came out, two more news came: First, on May 2, the Central Bank of China confirmed that the first foreign-funded payment institution had applied to the Central Bank of China for business. This means that foreign payment institutions have taken the first step to enter the China market. Second, on the same day, it was reported that a foreign company had started to apply for a credit investigation license in China.

  This is the embodiment of China’s further financial opening.

  Let’s look at the company that applied for third-party payment, named WorldFirst, which is a British-funded company. In April 2018, WorldFirst just launched the first collection product for cross-border B2B sellers in China — — World Account to solve the problem of cross-border payment for cross-border e-commerce sellers, so it is very important to obtain a third-party payment license in China, otherwise, the development of China market will be limited. The application of WorldFirst to the Bank of China for a cross-border business payment license indicates that China’s financial opening is expected to go further in the field of third-party payment.

  The company that applied for the credit information business license is even bigger. Yiborui Company, headquartered in Ireland, is a giant of credit information business in the world, with business all over the world and huge branches in the United States.

  Generally speaking, if the central bank confirms the receipt of the application, it means that the central bank has actually started the process of approval. Therefore, these two cases, some low-key applications, were officially confirmed, which means that China’s financial opening-up is real, and it is a fence to cut the knife and cut the flesh.

  The third-party payment market in China has achieved great success in recent years. The well-known third-party payment companies represented by WeChat and Alipay have made eye-catching profits in this field. Ant Financial has mastered Alipay, and its valuation has surpassed many financial companies in the United States by hundreds of billions of dollars. However, the size of WeChat Tenpay is not inferior to Alipay. Of course, its actual valuation should also be around here. Even so, China’s third-party payment market still has great potential to be tapped. For China’s huge domestic third-party payment market, foreign capital used to be out of reach. But now it seems that soon, foreign capital can come in to participate in the competition and share a piece of the action.

  The credit investigation market in China has just started. There is a vast space for both corporate credit investigation and personal credit investigation, and many aspects are still blank. I am afraid the market potential in this respect is no less than that of third-party payment. Different from third-party payment, there is no strong competitive opponent in China in this respect, that is to say, if foreign capital comes in, it is basically a blue ocean with huge profits.

  Therefore, China’s opening up in these two areas is really very bold and courageous.

  No wonder countries, especially several developed countries, have been acting so frequently recently.As long as they have some market judgment, they will never ignore the huge space of China’s financial market. Whoever falls behind in the process of opening China’s financial market will lose half of the future first. From a global perspective, I am afraid that the two major financial opening dividends that China wants most are American companies. Let’s look at the third-party payment market in China, which is the big fat that companies with payment services in the United States, such as Apple and paypal, want to get. Apple has previously entered the payment market in China through the cooperation with China UnionPay, but after all, it is a four-way payment, and its business development is not satisfactory. Therefore, in the competition with WeChat and Alipay, Apple, which is far behind, should dream of getting a third-party payment license in China.

  Needless to say, the three major rating agencies in the United States, Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investment Services and Fitch Ratings Limited, are all giants in the global credit reporting field. If they can’t successfully enter the credit reporting market in China, or lag behind other competitors in the pace of entering China, they will probably have a great adverse impact on their future competitiveness.

  However, if American companies really lag behind their western counterparts, it is not China’s fault. China people believe in "making money with harmony". After all, the United States initiated a trade war with China, and public opinion in China could hardly accept the result: open these fields and let those guys who threw stones at themselves happily take away the benefits. Needless to say, no one has the guts!

  (The author is an international critical commentator Si Hai)

A probe into the "nightlife" after work of Fuxing of China EMU

A probe into the "nightlife" after work of Fuxing of China EMU

  After the "Fuxing" was put into storage, the first process was cleaning. The picture shows the staff taking a bath for the Fuxing. Photo by Sun Guangzhe

  On June 26th, 2017, Fuxing, the EMU train with the highest speed in China, was officially put into operation, which opened the new speed of China high-speed railway. On the eve of the Spring Festival, the reporter from Zhongxin. com came to the operation office of Jinan East EMU in Shandong to visit the "nightlife" of Fuxing after work.

  "Good traction rod, good air duct and good axle … …” In the maintenance depot, Wang Xiao, the foreman of the special maintenance team of Jinan East EMU, is leading more than 10 colleagues to do a "physical examination" for a train of Fuxing, which just got off work.

  The picture shows the EMU warehousing. Holding professional lighting and video equipment, the staff crouched on both sides of the car for a series of procedures such as watching, smelling and listening. Sha Jianlong photo

  The "Fuxing" that is being "physically examined" has 16 carriages, which are parked on the trench track about 2 meters deep. The maintenance personnel are located in the front, sides, roof, under and inside the car for operations.

  Wendy Wang told reporters that "Fuxing" must pass the tread diagnosis and pantograph detection before entering the maintenance depot. Just like CT, infrared detection equipment conducts all-round detection on the tread of the wheelset and the high-voltage power receiving equipment at the top of the train, and transmits the monitoring data to the professional computer for "expert consultation".

  "After warehousing, the first process is cleaning." Wendy Wang said that after the power failure and bow lowering of the EMU, the special car wash liquid for the EMU was sprayed from the water outlet, and the professional "SPA masseur" beside the track was "Fuxing" and "taking a bath". Under normal circumstances, EMUs should be disinfected and cleaned by outdoor automatic washing machine before entering the warehouse. However, due to the cold weather in winter, the cleaning work must be carried out indoors by professionals to prevent the EMU from catching a cold.

  After cleaning, professional "doctors" will start a "full physical examination" of the EMU. According to the technical regulations and technological requirements, Harmony and Fuxing should enter the motor depot every 4,400 kilometers or 48 hours and every 6,000 kilometers or 48 hours for first-class operation and maintenance.

  "To ensure that ‘ Fuxing ’ The motor train runs at a high speed and smoothly, and every bolt and every part of the train must be accurate. " Xu Qingji, the "post-90s" ground mechanic of Jinan East EMU Operation Institute, is a member of the maintenance team, having repaired CRH2, 5, 380A, B and other vehicles. He told reporters that if problems are found during maintenance, they need to call superiors through real-time intercom equipment for diagnosis and maintenance.

  "Fuxing" is an independent research and development emu with independent intellectual property rights in combination with China’s application needs, which is more perfect and superior than the emu models that it overhauled before. Xu Qingji said that it unified the operation interfaces, passenger pages and operation modes of different OEMs, and also completely unified all interfaces and parts, established a brand-new China high-speed train standard system, and realized mutual standby, reconnection, rescue and hot standby of trains.

  In addition to the overhaul of the running gear, traction, braking, pantograph and in-vehicle facilities of Fuxing, its "brain" — — The maintenance of "ATP" system is particularly important. According to Wang Weina, chief of the ATP analysis work area of Jinan East EMU, the ATP system on board the high-speed rail is equivalent to a "black box", which is not only a monitoring system, but also records the running status of the high-speed rail in real time and transmits it to the monitor. It is also a traffic control system, which can command the safe operation of vehicles according to the track information ahead.

  Wang Weina said that when overhauling, professionals should clean up the dirt on the transponder of vehicle-mounted equipment to ensure that the transponder responsible for receiving and sending information is always in good working condition. "After ensuring that all equipment and facilities are kept in normal condition, the train can be put into operation."

  "Although the work is hard, I am very proud whenever I see a train of EMUs running normally after team maintenance." During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the professional "doctors" of Fuxing will still stick to their posts and "escort" people’s travel. (End)

  Author Sha Jianlong

"I saw Uncle Deng’s cooking." In 1972, I spent the New Year at Deng Xiaoping’s home.

     





    In 1972, I visited Deng Xiaoping in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and spent an unforgettable New Year at Deng Xiaoping’s home. Deng Xiaoping’s cooking skills, Zhuo Lin’s enthusiasm, and his friendship with Deng Lin’s brother and sister all remain fresh in my memory.


    Visiting relatives in Nanchang on New Year’s Day


    On the eve of New Year’s Day in 1972, my sisters Da Rong and Er Rong went to Nanchang from Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province to visit Uncle Deng Xiaoping. I remember that it was a cold winter. There was a layer of mist on the boundless Ganjiang River, and no ship was seen. The distant mountains were gray, and the vegetation along the river was withered and trembling in the cold wind. We came to the guest house of the provincial party Committee by the Ganjiang River, which is the designated meeting place.


    It is said that after Deng Bobo and his family came to Jiangxi, they lived in a small building of Nanchang Infantry School. There was no heating or hot water in the building. When they wanted to take a bath, the old man had to boil the bath water downstairs and carry it to the bathroom upstairs in buckets, which was inconvenient. Moreover, it was easy for the old man to catch a cold when taking a bath in winter. This problem dragged on for a long time. When Huang Zhizhen, a former veteran cadre of Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, learned about it, he made arrangements for Deng Bobo’s family to take a hot bath in the provincial party committee guest house every weekend. When I came to the guest house, Uncle Deng Xiaoping’s family happened to take a bath here.


    In the living room on the second floor of the hostel, we first met Aunt Zhuo Lin, Deng Lin and Mao Mao, who had just taken a bath and were combing their hair. Uncle Deng asked them to wash first and then wash themselves. When I saw Aunt Zhuo Lin, my sister and I were filled with emotion and tears. Aunt Zhuo Lin and my mother Xiao Li were good friends during the Yan ‘an period, and they had a lot of contacts. Uncle Deng came out of the shower and was very happy to see us coming. Perhaps it was because he had just taken a shower and his face was flushed and radiant. He speaks Sichuan dialect, and we also speak Sichuan dialect, because we grew up in Chengdu and have a local accent. Visiting Uncle Deng has always been our wish. Our family has a good relationship with Uncle Deng’s family, and their children grew up together. First, we reported to Liu Junxiu, deputy director of Jiangxi Revolutionary Committee, who worked in the Jinsui Military Region with my father Li Jingquan during the War of Resistance against Japan period. Our wish was realized through the contact between Uncle Liu and Uncle Deng’s family.


    Uncle Deng asked about our work and life with concern. I told him that my sister and I came to Jiangxi in 1969 and settled down in my father’s hometown, Linchuan County, to work as farmers, relying entirely on earning work points to support ourselves. Speaking of which, my sister and I took out two fish brought from our hometown, which were caught by the villagers from our pond, and some eggs saved. I told Uncle Deng that these are all fruits of labor. Please accept them for the whole family to taste. Seeing that it was getting late, we were ready to leave. On hearing this, Uncle Deng immediately said, "Don’t go today, come to our house for a few days."


    Chinese New Year at Uncle Deng’s house? The Provincial Revolutionary Committee may not agree, and I am also afraid of bringing trouble to the Deng Bobo family. "I’m afraid of you. You are all little dolls. Tomorrow is the New Year. How can you go?" Uncle Deng said. Aunt Zhuo Lin also said, "You have come a long way, but you haven’t finished yet. Come home with us and spend the New Year together. Don’t worry, I’ll tell them that I can stay at home. "


More historical news:


Churchill’s favorite female spy: She died in love for her brilliant exploits.


Mrs Nixon broke into the bedroom of Soviet leader Brezhnev at night.


Nie Gannu, a contemporary "Zhou Botong" eccentric literati, abandoned his life in wild waves.


America’s "Top Ten Worst Jobs" models are among the dishwashers.


The ancient Japanese did not eat meat for 1200 years, and the emperor’s life expectancy was shorter than that of civilians.

Korean Confucian Academy witnessing the exchange of civilizations

  Over the years, around the Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese medicine and Korean medicine, printing and Confucian classic engraving, many public hot topics have emerged. Among them, there are many misinformation, and common-sense mistakes like confusing world heritage, intangible heritage and memory engineering are also common. At this time, instead of deliberately entangled in "squatting", it is better to calm down at the same time and build a multi-dimensional coordinate system of "beauty of beauty, beauty of beauty" to improve the appreciation level of tolerance and mutual learning.

  3. Visit five academies in Korea.

  In 2011, the Korean government selected 9 representative colleges from the existing 637 colleges to apply for the World Heritage. I remember that when I read the English version of Korea’s related application documents, I couldn’t understand "Seowon". After reading it carefully, I suddenly realized that this word is not the transliteration of Chinese "Academy" from Korean and then translated into English.

  After nine years of hard work, the Confucian Academy project declared by South Korea has finally been included in the World Heritage List. What are these Confucian academies in Korea like now? What is the unique value? Over the years, I have been to South Korea three times, walking in Gyeongsang Road, which was among the eight roads of Lee’s North Korean dynasty, and visited five academies.

  Among the five academies, Pingshan Academy, located near Hehui Village, a world heritage site in Anton City, still lingers on my mind when I visit them again and again. Nowadays, tourists who come to Hehui Village can take a country road to Pingshan College for a short stay if they are still interested, but they don’t know that there is a dirt road in Hehui Village, which winds into the mountains through the rice fields at the head of the village. Walking among them, if you go up the mountain yin road and overlook the Luodong River, it flows slowly, and you stop and go, as if you were sailing with the water, and the mountains and rivers set each other off, which makes people overwhelmed. About an hour later, I arrived in front of this academy, which was built in 1613. Pingshan Academy is named after the picturesque mountains on the other side, which is generally similar to other academies’ regulations, but the special environment makes this place particularly spacious and spacious. At dusk, I boarded the building opposite to the evening, and when I looked around, the river rippled with golden waves, and the light and shadow on the other side of the cliff were displaced. The scenery was quite artistic in Du Fu’s poem, "The emerald screen should be right at night, and the white valley will swim deeply."

  Hidden in the mountains, Yun Shenchu

  Among these five academies, Shaoxiu Academy in Yeongju is the oldest, which was founded by the great scholar Li Kun (1501— 1570) was founded in 1543, initially named "Baiyundong Academy", located outside the entrance of Xiaobaishan National Park in South Korea. Perhaps because of the reconstruction of the old Buddhist temple site, the pattern of Shaoxiu Academy is quite different from other academies, and there is no clear correspondence between the lecture space and the sacrifice space, and the setting of the lent houses and lecture halls is also slightly scattered. However, it was recognized by Korean scholars as the first academy on the Korean peninsula because it had two functions of giving lectures and offering sacrifices at the earliest.

  After leaving Shaoxiu Academy, I followed the footsteps of "Haidong Zhuzi" Li Yun, from Rongzhou to Anton, and went to Taoshan Academy, which was founded in 1561. In terms of scale, it is the largest of several Korean academies I have visited; According to the situation, this academy is backed by the lush Taoshan Mountain, and faces the mighty Luodong River in front. Cangshan Mountain has clear water, and the river is full of color and charm. After several years, I still remember that when I visited that day, it was raining cats and dogs, and I couldn’t help feeling that Taoshan Academy was really the first holy land of Confucianism in the Li Dynasty.

  As for Yushan Academy and Daodong Academy, they are quite like two deep valleys and orchids. One is located in the outer suburb of Gyeongju, a thousand-year-old ancient capital, and one is hidden in the most remote Dacheng County of Daegu City. Jade Mountain Academy in Gyeongju, contrary to the traditional practice of sitting south facing north, has adopted the pattern of sitting east facing west, with small building volume and very compact layout. Daodong Academy in Dacheng County faces Luodong River, accompanied by towering ginkgo biloba in front of the door, and the pavilion at the entrance is named Shuiyue Building, which makes people wonder that if they visit on the night of "full moon on March 5", they can see the scenery of "and the moon comes running up the river".

  Might as well "beauty of beauty"

  The two most famous academies in China — — Bailudong Academy and Songyang Academy were included in the World Heritage List in 1996 and 2010 respectively as part of the "Heaven and Earth" historical buildings in Lushan and Dengfeng. As for the Confucian Academy in South Korea, the system imitates China’s early academy, and even its original Baiyundong Academy imitates the Lushan Bailudong Academy reconstructed by Zhu Xi in name. It should be noted that the English name of Korean heritage project is "Seowon, Korean Neo-Confucian Academies". If Neo-Confucian is translated into "neo-Confucianism" or "neo-Confucianism" without thinking, then the complexity of the meaning of "neo-Confucianism" in Chinese context is ignored, so it is better to follow the Chinese tradition and call it "Korean Confucian Academy".

  Lee’s Korean dynasty worshiped Confucianism, but as the scholar Ge Zhaoguang said, we can’t simply confuse the traditions of several East Asian countries. Specific to the Confucian Academy in Korea, the architectural layout refers to the configuration form of "Korean Mountain Temple" which was listed as a world heritage last year. Under the same social background and land use conditions, these academies have formed a completely different architectural model from mountain temples. Therefore, it has a direct role in promoting the formation of the so-called "true landscape" landscape concept of the Korean dynasty after the 18th century.

  Stones from other mountains can attack jade. The sense of solemnity that Korean academies continue to maintain is a relatively intact part of their cultural heritage of East Asian academies. This is also where we should study now. It is said that there are as many as 15,000 teenagers who go to Shaoxiu Academy to study traditional etiquette for three days every year. I still remember coming to Taoshan Academy, which is far away from the small town of Anton, on a non-weekend time six years ago. At that time, it was raining heavily, but a group of primary school students who were wearing raincoats but wet from head to toe came to visit. Under the guidance of the staff dressed in Confucian clothes, the children chirped into the Canon Church, and after a while they began to listen and read. In the quiet, they looked solemn and dignified, and the moment when the wind and rain sounded like reading was quite antique (see Figure 2).

      (Qiao Lujing text/map)

The best way to improve yourself: exercise (permanent collection is recommended)

Remember Xiao Ruoteng, a gymnast who regretted missing the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympic Games and applauded her opponent with lonely eyes?

This gymnast, who won the gold medal in the men’s individual all-around gymnastics in the 14th National Games, is not only heroic in the sports field, but also a "treasure boy" in life.

He is keen on rap, likes to make his own coffee, and even is the "Teacher Tony" in the gymnastics team …

He not only loves literature and art, but also personally participates in the creation of lyrics. "Taking Dreams as Horses" is what he did after the Olympic Games.

Xiao Ruoteng, who is so versatile in literature and art, really broke our stereotype of athletes.

What kind of mind is simple and limbs are developed?

People with truly developed limbs will not have a simple mind.

Most of those who live a sober life and work well have created strong enough brains through sports.

However, with the increasing convenience of life, most people exercise less and less, and many diseases are getting younger and younger.

Paying attention to exercise and keeping fit with your heart can’t be ignored.

As the Prime Minister of Qin said during the Warring States Period:

"Running water does not rot, and the household axis is not awkward and moving."

What’s more, exercise can not only strengthen our physique and give us a better external image, but also benefit our brains.

Exercise can make you think clearly.

From Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, to Bernard Shaw, a famous dramatist, many celebrities, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, have a special liking for sports.

Thinker Rousseau also said:

"Walking promotes my thoughts, and my body must keep moving before my brain will start."

When your mind comes to a dead end, stop thinking and let your body move.

The brain is often like opening another door, which makes people suddenly enlightened.

So is the pianist Beethoven.

Every day after lunch, Beethoven would go out for a walk with a pencil and a pile of paper, and sometimes he would not come back until dusk.

For Beethoven, walking is a conversation with God, a blend with nature, and a moment of inspiration for generate at any time.

Once, he walked with his friends, but gradually, he was immersed in his own thoughts, thinking while exercising.

Until nightfall, Beethoven was pleasantly surprised: "I found the theme!" "

Then he flew home and played a new movement on the piano.

It can be seen that exercise can not only make people gain the vitality of the body, but also get better exercise in their minds.

This is not a case.

In 1990, a famous biologist did an experiment like this:

After six months of aerobic exercise, a group of people who don’t like sports at ordinary times have obviously improved their thinking ability.

When this conclusion was published in Nature, more scholars did related research.

The results show that exercise can really improve the working efficiency of the nervous system and make people smarter.

Because when we exercise, the blood circulation is improved and more oxygen enters the brain, so the working environment of the brain is improved and the thinking is naturally more agile.

More importantly, when we exercise, we will produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that can bring energy and motivation to people.

It is like a bridge connecting brain nerve cells. The more it secretes, the wider the bridge deck, and the more information it can flow.

Therefore, after exercise, we will feel clear thinking and quick brain response.

No wonder the writer Goethe once sighed:

"My most precious thoughts and their best expressions all appeared when I was walking."

Exercise can broaden our thinking, make our energy flow and make people smarter.

Exercise is the best way to "sit still"

Lu You, who wrote "eighty-year-old is still healthy, learning to irrigate the garden all his life", has created countless poems in his life and handed down more than 9,000 poems, and is also a beneficiary who loves sports.

In the army, he studied martial arts; When he was in the country, he cut grass and collected firewood; When outdoors, climbing mountains is one of his hobbies.

In his later years, he chose "blazing" to keep fit.

The hobby of sports made Lu You gain a good physique, which made him live a long life at the age of war and chaos and food and clothing difficulties, at the age of 84.

It also gave him a strong concentration, which was used to create poems, with high yield and high quality, and occupied an important position in the poetry circle of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Writer lev tolstoy said:

"It is extremely painful for a person who is immersed in mental work if he doesn’t move his limbs often."

Because exercise is the best way to strengthen the brain, with proper exercise, our body will secrete a substance called adrenaline.

It can help us find the best state of attention.

Researchers at the University of Illinois conducted a series of tests on 20 9-year-old students.

They found that students who have just finished participating in sports activities pay more attention to answering questions than students who have not participated in sports.

The "Zero Time Sports Plan" implemented by a middle school near Chicago also confirmed this point.

Let the students get to school early and do sports before the formal class.

Until the heartbeat reaches the highest value or 70% of the maximum oxygen uptake.

At this time, the class began, and the effect of the class was obviously improved, especially the concentration was obviously improved.

It is no wonder that in the TV series "The Ideal City", Su Xiao, the hostess, often thinks while skipping rope when she encounters bottlenecks in her work.

It is worth noting that adrenaline is "melodramatic".

Too little secretion will make people feel bored and even tired;

If you secrete too much, you will be too excited and unable to calm down and do things.

Only by secreting just the right amount of adrenaline, so that our brain is at the critical point of relaxation and tension, our attention will be at its best.

Therefore, scientific exercise, mastering the degree of exercise, can maximize our concentration.

Let’s listen to everything we learn, sit still and learn well.

Exercise can best make you "remember"

"In fact, we have done other experiments before. Whether it is moderate intensity or high intensity aerobic training, they can improve the short-term memory and long-term memory of ordinary people.

As long as you can run for 15 minutes for a long time, the effect will be obvious. "

This is the result of a follow-up experiment by Dr. Paul Lopley, director of the Sports and Memory Laboratory of the University of Mississippi, and his colleagues.

In this experiment, Dr. Paul Lopley selected 24 participants aged 18 to 35.

They memorized 15 complicated new words with the same difficulty before, during and after running.

The final result shows that participants’ memory will be significantly improved after 15 minutes of moderate-intensity running.

Indeed, in the ceaseless progress of mankind, more and more people find that "moving quotient" is of great help to our memory.

Some people have studied and summarized the trends of the top candidates in the college entrance examination in recent years, and found that nearly 60% of schoolmasters love sports.

Professor Wang Zongping, director of the Center for Business Studies at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, put forward the view that "business development stimulates the top students in the college entrance examination":

"It is no exaggeration to say that it is the champion of the college entrance examination who likes sports who took an hour out of 10 hours of cultural study for sports and activated their bodies;

Let the blood flow faster, the spirit is more full, and the learning efficiency is higher. "

Among them, exercise will also stimulate the hippocampus, a key brain area that affects learning and memory, and promote the increase of serotonin.

Serotonin can effectively stimulate the communication of neurons, feed back to the hippocampus, and promote the formation and enhancement of new memories.

The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences once reported that:

"Compared with their sedentary peers, the hippocampus of those who exercise regularly has increased by 2%."

Therefore, don’t cherish the idea of "valuing wisdom over body", and don’t think that a person is born smart or not.

As Plato said:

"In order to make human beings have a successful life, God provides two channels-education and sports."

Nowadays, more and more people combine these two methods to create amazing results.

Your body is the beginning of everything.

Lv Zhengcao, a former minister of the Ministry of Railways who can still play tennis in his eighties and is light and agile, said:

"All departments of the human body use it to enter, and use it to retreat.

Therefore, we should not only pay attention to physical exercise, but also pay attention to brain activity, so as to effectively delay aging. "

Exercise itself is a kind of cure. When sweat flows down, it cures all fatigue, clears the mind and makes people happy.

1. When your thoughts are not smooth, just put on your running shoes and start.

Looking back on life, we will find that when we stay in the thoughts of solving a problem for a long time, it is easy to get stuck.

It is said that "people who can rest will work", but rest is not doing nothing in a narrow sense. Changing the environment for the brain is also brain-strengthening.

Putting down what you are doing for a while and exercising will make your mind clear, and maybe there will be innovative discoveries.

For example, choosing sports that require quick response can help us build good hand-eye coordination.

Similar to table tennis, badminton and other sports, you need to stay calm and focus on sports, which can make your brain fully relaxed.

Therefore, after exercise, the wall of thinking will no longer be so indestructible, and even "turn around" and have new ideas.

2. When you are in a bad mood, move consciously.

Scientist Einstein said:

"I like walking all my life, and sports have brought me endless fun."

Because dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin produced during exercise can not only enhance our memory, improve our thinking ability, make us more focused, but also make our mood happy.

Therefore, after proper exercise, we will feel calm, clear-headed and even have a happy sense of accomplishment at work.

The so-called: "activities are well-organized, and the five internal organs are self-harmonious."

When you are in a bad mood, consciously let yourself move.

Go out for a walk and visit the park, so that these substances produced in the body can arouse our positive emotions.

Let us have a better state, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.

Exercise is not only an indispensable way to keep in good health, but also can exercise the brain, make us smarter and make our life different.

If you have missed the plum appointment, don’t take the peach blossom again.

Going out, now is the best time.

OrderWatchingLet’s move together.

Take some time out in the busy, and leave some energy in the hurry.

Under the tempering of life, the body is treated well by time, and the brain is getting smarter and smarter.

Such years, quiet and calm, unhurried, beautiful!

# History

Bigan, the god of wealth, is a god of wealth in Chinese folk belief, expressing the good wishes of the working people in China to ward off evil spirits and disasters and welcome good fortune. His surname is Biganzi. Bi was born in Ganmoyi (now Weihui, Henan), the second son of Wen Ding, the Shang emperor, and the uncle of Di Xin (Shang Zhouwang), the younger brother of Di Yi.

Bigan was born in the Seventh Sacrifice of Yinwuyi Bingzi (the 4th day of April in the summer calendar in 1125 BC) and died in 1063 BC. He was an important official of the Shang royal family and worshipped Shao Shi (the prime minister). He assisted two emperors all his life. At the age of 20, he assisted Di Yi, the king of Shang, with a high position as a teacher, and Di Xin (Yin Zhou Wang) was entrusted with the orphans.

He assisted Wang Zhongjun, the emperor of Shang Dynasty, in patriotism, pleading for the people and daring to speak out and remonstrate, and was called "an eternal loyal minister". After Zhou Wang dug his heart, he became a careless person because his heart was hollowed out, so he was careless and impartial, and was regarded as the God of Wealth by later generations. He was the first God of Wealth worshipped by the people and widely praised and worshipped by the world.

Di Yi was assisted by Di Xin, who had been in politics for more than 40 years. He advocated reducing taxes and corvees, encouraging the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, advocating smelting and casting, and enriching Qiang Bing. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Di Xin (Zhou Wang) was tyrannical and dissolute, extorting and extorting money, sighing for the Lord, refusing to remonstrate, not being loyal, fearing death, not being brave, remonstrating, not using it, dying, and being loyal, so he went to the Star Tower to remonstrate for three days.

He asked why he relied on benevolence and righteousness more than he did on dry days, so he relied on anger. He said that I heard that saints have seven minds and believe in everything. Then he killed Bigan and dissected his heart, at the age of 64. After Bigan’s death, Zhou Wang sent someone to Bigan’s home to exterminate his family. There were two pregnant concubines in Bigan’s family, and one was caught and brutally executed.

Bigan’s wife, Chen, managed to escape in order to save the baby in her womb. Soldiers who sympathized with them secretly released her and four handmaids. They left the capital together to sing songs and went to live in seclusion in the mountains. Later, they gave birth to a boy, and now they call this cave "Linmu Cave".

Soldiers in Zhou Wang searched the descendants of Bigan everywhere. When they found them, they asked what the child’s name was. Mrs Bigan lived in the forest, and there was a mountain spring around the forest, so they told the soldiers that the child was called Lin Quan. Later, Zhou Wuwang defeated Zhou Wang, found Mrs Bigan and her children, and named the child Lin Jian, who was the ancestor of Lin.

depth

Source: Fashion Headline Network

The commercial potential and consumption power of 12 cities in China have developed to a point that cannot be ignored, and they must be analyzed, compared and re-examined.

Author | Drizzie

Although China is the pillar market of the current global fashion industry, which has contributed to the growth dividend in the past five years, there are still a lot of uncultivated land here.

When e-commerce platforms such as Pinduoduo entered the mainstream competition track with the sinking market consumption power, luxury fashion groups began to re-understand and deeply understand the special market form of China, and attached importance to the purchasing power of the middle class in markets outside the first-tier cities.

On the other hand, in the past ten years, the vast majority of fashion brands have captured the four first-tier consumer cities of "North, Guangzhou and Shenzhen", and their market roles have been basically established.

It is the general trend for some head brands to transform the brand recognition gained in China in the past few years into actual market share, improve profit margins and achieve a smooth soft landing, and expand the sinking market.

Kering real estate director Sergi Villar said last year that five luxury brands under the Group will open 14 new stores in six cities in China, Shanghai, Dalian, Kunming, Wuhan, Shenyang and Wuxi, all of which are new first-tier or second-tier cities except Shanghai. This move is considered by the industry as a signal that leading luxury enterprises are sinking their channels.

So the question now is, what other cities in China have the potential for fashion business? In order to do a good job in the next expansion, the brand must first really understand China, a vast, densely populated, culturally diverse and complex market.

According to the Fashion Business News, Vogue Business in China, a fashion industry media owned by Condé Nast China, will release the 2020 "New Fashion Capital Index Report" on November 21st, which is also the first city research index report and city index ranking in the industry. In cooperation with consulting firm EY Parthenon, this report conducted in-depth desk research and data analysis on 12 cities in China in the first issue of the 2020 edition of the New Fashion Capital Index Report.

Vogue Business in China will release the 2020 "New Fashion Capital Index Report" on November 21st, which is also the first city research index report and city index ranking in the industry.

Different from the general comprehensive ranking of new first-tier cities in some previous reports, this report makes a more specific comparison and analysis of urban fashion power. The report divides the new fashion capital index into five first-level dimensions, namely, fashion consumption power, fashion business potential, fashion cultural charm, fashion innovation talent and fashion development power, which provides quantitative standards for consumers and industry professionals to feel about these cities.

This dimension division will help industry professionals to identify the differences between Chengdu, Nanjing and Hangzhou, and provide reference for industry practitioners to formulate future business development strategies and expansion paths.

Vogue Business in China will also hold a summit for the release of the 2020 "New Fashion Capital Index Report", initiated by Bao Yimin, editorial director of Vogue Business in China, and discuss with industry experts, business and cultural leaders how the city can achieve new breakthroughs.

It is worth noting that the summit will also be located in Chengdu, and guests will be invited to discuss in depth the lessons of Chengdu’s fashion development.

▌ Cultural power is the background color of fashion cities.

Choosing Chengdu as the release place of this report is better than the particularity of fashion culture in this popular city.

This city has become one of the most fashionable young people’s gathering places in China. With the help of street shooting and social media, it shows the dress style of young people in China. They can accept very diverse brands, not just big brands.

In addition to dress, the lifestyle of young people in Chengdu is actually very diverse, including rich nightlife, food, rap music, etc. They are open-minded about enjoyment and self-display. This also causes them to be very decisive when shopping, pay attention to decoration and self-expression, and their aesthetics are romantic.

Choosing Chengdu as the release place of this report is better than the particularity of fashion culture in this popular city.

In contrast, although cities such as Shenyang and Dalian have strong consumption power, they may be second only to Chengdu and Hangzhou in the whole country, but their fashion and cultural power is short-board. Bao Yimin told WeChat WeChat official account LADYMAX, "What they lack is a fashionable and cultural environment, and cultural activities are relatively scarce. If you go to Dalian today, consumers will find that the most famous shopping center in Dalian is actually very similar to Beijing SKP or Shanghai Henglong, and the excavation of fashion culture in this city will be relatively small. "

He believes that although everyone knows that Chengdu is a very interesting, famous and consuming city, they seldom realize that it is not only unilaterally strong, but also has strong comprehensive strength, and the overall development, especially the development of young and cool culture, is very leading.

"Because Chengdu has a very unique culture, it has also attracted the attention of many big brands. For example, Chanel will hold a show and regard Chengdu as the first important entry point. Therefore, the combination of consumption and culture makes Chengdu a very attractive city, at least for fashion. "

In fact, the consumption power of many cities in China is very strong, otherwise it is impossible to contribute at least 30% of the consumption power to the sales of luxury goods in the world. However, consumption itself is not the main reason for the future fashion capital. China’s strong economy will naturally lead to strong consumption.

The real fashion cultural power represents everyone’s living standard and high sensitivity to fashion, which is embodied in cultural and creative industries, fashion weeks, art galleries, cafes, etc. The growth of these cultures will make the city lively and interesting.

To this end, the New Fashion Capital Index Report also gives 30% weight to fashion culture in five dimensions, which is heavier than other projects. Fashion consumption power is a "hard" number, while fashion culture is the background color and the depth of development. When the consumption power has increased to a certain extent, the importance of cultivating fashion culture has begun to be emphasized.

Bao Yimin also admitted that one of the biggest breakthroughs in the report is to digitize fashion culture, which is very abstract and emotional, so how to digitize and score abstract and emotional fashion culture is the key issue. Therefore, this report analyzes the cultural activities such as cafes and bars in each city and the local government’s measures to promote fashion. "This is to see where the roots of fashion culture are, and we have to dig deeper."

In addition to quantitative analysis, the New Fashion Capital Index Report also conducted in-depth interviews with two or three local opinion leaders and experts in 12 cities, and conducted research on fashion hot spots in different cities, supplementing the content of qualitative research.

Another thing worth mentioning is "the power of fashion development". "Fashion development power" involves the government’s support for the fashion industry, the city’s own scientific and technological level and capital strength.

"The development of the city needs the support of the government, so the report will give a score on how much the local government uses in the development of the fashion industry, that is to say, how much money it spent, what kind of fashion culture-related exhibitions it sponsored or held, and how many local art galleries or forums they participated in. This dimension was not available before (in many reports), and government participation can indeed be digitized because its behavior is open. "

If the government’s development plan includes training creative talents such as fashion designers, opening pop-up shop or holding forums, it can make every local fashion culture grow and the attractiveness of the city will be qualitatively improved.

Chengdu and Hangzhou are attractive to the surrounding cities, which leads to the further improvement of urban consumption power and the formation of a positive cycle. Data show that during the Eleventh Golden Week, Chengdu became one of the most popular tourist destination cities, receiving a total of 20.17 million tourists, up 32.7% year-on-year. The average daily passenger flow of Chengdu shopping malls approached the 40,000 mark, up 33.5% from the previous week.

In this dimension, Wuhan is also a special role. Wuhan was originally a very young city belonging to students, but under the government policy bonus after the epidemic, Wuhan’s fashion potential may accelerate.

Wuhan is a very young city that belongs to students, and it will also benefit from the government’s policy dividend after the epidemic.

A very high proportion of young people in this city are the basis of fashion development, and they are also the consumer groups pursued by the global fashion industry today. Bao Yimin explained that, first, students account for a large proportion in Wuhan’s population structure, which leads to a great relationship between the popularity of brands in Wuhan and what students can consume and may like. When the student population is at least more than half, Wuhan can basically be regarded as a university town, so students’ market reaction can clearly reflect what brand is suitable for college students, or what brand college students are chasing.

▌ The next step in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

While some cities are rising, Bao Yimin is also optimistic about the next step of going north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. He thinks that there is actually a second wave of middle class demand rising in China’s consumption. With the rise of new cities, the four cities of Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will still play a very important role.

If we refer to Milan, Tokyo, new york and Paris as the first-class cities of fashion capital, their development is mostly due to their important roles, such as Fashion Week. Big cities still have the greatest media and population attraction, and they will always play the role of "boss". At least next year, the whole world will be watching the contribution of local consumption in China to fashion development, so the potential of Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen will not be weakened in two or three years.

Fashion is a constant pursuit of new industries, and brands certainly hope to find new markets outside the North, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and these 12 cities offer more possibilities. Bao Yimin predicted that if life can’t return to normal next year, the future global fashion week will probably be released from China. For the sake of uniqueness, brands may not choose to go to the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, so the new fashion capital will gradually be favored by international brands.

Cities such as Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang and Xi ‘an are providing China with more possibilities for the development of fashion industry.

The 12 cities in this report only selected representative cities in various regions of the country to conduct a sample survey, sketching the general appearance of the current domestic urban fashion development, which does not mean that the report has given a closed definition for the fashion capital of China. In view of the fashion development of more different ladder cities, Vogue Business in China plans to launch a city report every year from this year to track and investigate the progress of China’s urban fashion development.

The concept of culture

Culture is a complex and diverse concept, which covers all aspects of human society, including history, art, philosophy, religion, science and technology and so on. Culture is not only the values and code of conduct of our society, but also the way we communicate and interact with others.

The development and evolution of culture is a long process, which is influenced by many factors, including geographical environment, historical background, social structure, economic development and so on. In different historical periods and cultural backgrounds, the development and evolution of culture also presents different characteristics.

Culture is of great significance to the development of a country or region. It not only shapes people’s ideas and behaviors, but also affects the development of economy, politics and society. A strong cultural system can enhance the soft power of a country or region and improve its international influence and competitiveness.

At the same time, culture is also the common wealth of mankind. We should respect and protect various cultural traditions and promote cultural exchanges and integration in order to enhance the diversity and richness of human civilization. Under the background of globalization, we should pay more attention to cultural diversity and inclusiveness, and promote dialogue and cooperation between different cultures in order to build a more harmonious world.

In a word, culture is a broad and complex concept, which involves all aspects of human society. We should respect and protect various cultural traditions and promote cultural exchanges and integration in order to build a more harmonious world.