[Automotive Technology] What is the hottest car in China now? What car is the hardest to mention? I’m afraid it must be-it must be. Since it went on the market in October last year, it has appeared on this model for a long time, and with the longer time for the husband to go on the market, although the current situation of the car and the situation of raising the car at a higher price have been partially alleviated (now the 1.4T model can’t escape the fate of raising the price or adding decoration), but it is followed by the "reduction" of golf.

In fact, when I first heard about the "reduced allocation" of golf models, I thought that the configuration of the models it sells now has changed compared with a group of earlier cars. But after understanding, it turned out that the focus of debate was on the changes in the materials and suppliers of some parts. Although many netizens in the forum have posted posts about discussing the "allocation reduction" of golf, most of them have no pictures. Since everyone is concerned about when this allocation has changed, let’s take a look at how golf is "allocated reduction" in this article today!

There are a lot of posts about golf reduction in car home Forum. You can click on the picture below to enter the golf talk for discussion and speech.

> > Click to enter FAW-Volkswagen Golf Forum for discussion < <

Here are a few representative posts.

Golf 6 mentioned in December 2009 has been found to be a simple match. . Anger (with pictures)
http://club.autohome.com.cn/bbs/thread-c-871-5432154-1.html

It’ s really a pot of water! GOLF A6 began to reduce allocation again.
http://club.autohome.com.cn/bbs/thread-c-871-6314650-1.html

Turning to the classic allocation table again, we can see the future of high 6.
http://club.autohome.com.cn/bbs/thread-c-871-6337204-1.html

After sorting out the changes of golf-related configuration materials and suppliers mentioned by netizens, we found that everyone’s focus is mainly on:Material, supplier of windshield, supplier of sunroof assembly (glass and slide rail), origin of shock absorption, whether the bottom guard is cancelled, whether the noise-proof cotton of engine hood is cancelled, and the origin of hydraulic tappet and the style of hub are changed.Wait.

In order to verify the relevant allocation reduction, we investigated seven models in different production years, and found that the materials and suppliers of related parts of the same model with different production dates have changed.However, on some parts, we can’t find the distribution shortage mentioned by netizens. Of course, this may be related to the scope of our investigation. Therefore, this investigation is limited to explaining whether there is "distribution shortage" for models with different production time.. Then let’s begin to show our findings.

First of all, let’s talk about the production date and model of the models investigated this time.

The latest situation of changing the subframe material from aluminum alloy to steel;

After the publication of the article, FAW-Volkswagen officially contacted us, saying that not all golf models use steel sub-frames, and some models still continue to use aluminum alloy sub-frames. However, according to the results of our investigation, no models with aluminum alloy sub-frames have been found in the market, which is of course related to the limited scope of our investigation. If, as officially claimed by FAW-Volkswagen, there are still vehicles using aluminum alloy sub-frames, we will also find relevant vehicles for verification. Please pay attention.

Former windshield supplier: The seven cars in this survey use AGC (Asahi Glass) brand.

The seven models we investigated in this survey all used the glass produced in China by Japan’s AGC (Asahi Glass) company. As for the situation that the windshield was replaced by Fuyao brand, we did not find it in this survey, but it does not rule out that the windshield brand will change in the future.

Suspension damping spring: it is impossible to confirm whether it is made in China or imported at present.

In the forum, many netizens are questioning that the suspension damping spring of golf has been reduced from the previous "four-point" spring in Germany to the domestic "no-point" spring. The so-called "point" refers to the small points with different colors appearing on the spring. However, in our opinion, it is not sufficient to judge whether the springs are made in China or imported from the point of point, point or number. If we judge, we can only disassemble the springs to confirm them, so we can’t judge whether the springs of these seven cars are different in this survey.

The style of the rear door and wheel hub has changed: it is not considered as a reduction.

In addition, netizens discussed the situation that some models produced in 2009, except for the luxury version, had speakers at the rear door but no wiring, while those recently put into production, except for the luxury version, had no speakers and no wiring. In my opinion, I don’t think this is a reduction. After all, the manufacturer has already stated the number of speakers when launching the configuration. Therefore, if the previous models have speakers but no connecting lines, I think the owners who bought these cars are lucky, and they can enjoy the sound feeling brought by two more speakers when they are connected to the line. It’s a pity to buy a car with no horn and no connection at the back door. If you want to enjoy better sound quality, you can modify it later, and the effect will be better than that of the original factory.

"In terms of configuration, the comfort model should have no horn at the back door."

Oh, by the way, I don’t think this is a reduction in the wheel hub style mentioned by netizens. After all, the size and material of the hub have not changed, but the style has changed. The change of style may make different consumers feel that the hub is somewhat unsightly, but whether it is beautiful or not is a matter of different opinions. I think most consumers will not have big opinions as long as it is not the change of hub size and material.

"The wheel hub style of the 『1.4T vehicle has changed, with the left being the 2009 model style/the right being the current model style."

After talking about the styles of windshield, damping spring, rear door horn and wheel hub, many netizens are still talking about the situation that the materials and suppliers of subframe, engine cover sound insulation cotton and engine bottom guard have changed in different batches of vehicles, so we will answer them one by one according to the production time of the golf car under investigation.

One day before the Spring Festival, my old classmate A Rong suddenly contacted me. I said I was driving home from Shenzhen and passing by Y city. I asked if I would like to go back to H county to meet my old classmates. H county is less than 100 kilometers away from Y city, where I spent my middle school days. There are many classmates in H county, so I promised to go when I thought about it. We stayed in H county for a day and met three classmates. The process was simple, that is, we had dinner and visited our alma mater.

H county is located in the old revolutionary base area, with an area of less than 700 square kilometers and a population of about 200,000. Compared with Y city, the economic development level of H county is inferior. However, in recent years, the development momentum is good, and non-ferrous metals, agricultural products, e-commerce and tourism are its emerging pillar industries. According to the official GDP in 2016, the per capita GDP of H County is around 37,000 yuan. The impression of returning home in this article mainly comes from what I saw in H County and the descriptions of the following four people: Brother Min, Liu and Hua Zai, and Brother Min’s daughter Xiaoxue. Here, first of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to several friends who have been harassed by me for several days!

The county seat of H county is relatively small. Earlier, there was a saying that there were "small H county and three tofu shops". Nowadays, with the vigorous development of real estate, the area of the county has also expanded a lot. However, on the whole, the location of H County is still a small town. The small area and population make it difficult for the public transport system to reach the economic scale, and the cost factor limits the route, which in turn makes many areas become public transport blind spots, and it is difficult for many users to meet their travel needs.

Therefore, beyond the public transport system, more flexible solutions are needed as a supplement. At first, it was a rickshaw with three rickshaws. Later, motorcycles, taxis and black cars appeared one after another, and now Didi. com has a similar role. From rickshaws to taxis and motorcycles to online car rides, the triple jump in H county is a typical mode of travel market changes in many counties in Jiangnan.

When people in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen began to worry about bike-sharing’s excessive use of public resources, residents in H County were eagerly looking forward to bike-sharing’s presence. The county seat of H County is located in the mountainous area, and many buildings are built on the hillside. It is very difficult to buy a bicycle and carry it into the community. Think about opening Y city in bike-sharing, that is, riding and walking, getting off and stopping, without worrying about vehicle theft and maintenance. How convenient it is. Unfortunately, however, the expansion of bike-sharing has not sunk to H County.

Fortunately, Didi has been operating in H county, making up for the gap. The response speed of Didi Express H County is usually three to five minutes, which is slightly slower than that of Y City mentioned before. This may be related to the small population and weak demand for cars in H county, and the small market size can only accommodate a small number of drivers. In this way, the service area of each driver is relatively large, and the response speed of receiving orders is inevitably slower. Xiaoxue sometimes complains that the car comes too slowly. In fact, compared with the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the response speed of H County is not bad.

Compared with the express train, Didi’s ride is actually more popular with users in H County. It is more convenient and comfortable than the shuttle bus, and cheaper and more affordable than taking a taxi. Take H County to Y County, which is 20 kilometers away, as an example. The bus fare is 7 yuan, and the ride is only 15 yuan. Xiaoxue’s boyfriend’s home is in a neighboring county, so he often rides to and from H county to see her. Therefore, people in H county like to take a ride, whether they go to a township or a nearby county or city.

Among the classmates and friends interviewed, some of them have never taken a drip bus in H county (the county is small, even if it is not far on foot), but all of them have the experience of hitchhiking, which is really unexpected. There are more and more people who own cars in H county, and the large number of people who make money with the wind may be one reason why hitchhiking is more popular than express trains.

However, it is difficult to get back from the countryside easily. Didi’s full line of products is only opened in H county, and it is a bad thing that users can’t use Didi on their return trip to the countryside. Of course, the platform should be based on the safety of drivers and passengers, and it is understandable that it has not yet sunk into rural areas. It is hoped that after improving the technical means and safety management mechanism in the future, Didi will fully open its operation area and provide better and more comprehensive services to consumers.

Smart phones have become a standard for individuals, and H County is no exception. The mobile phone users here seem to have different loyal user groups. Several students have their own favorites. Brother Min loves Xiaomi, Liu prefers Huawei, and Huazai’s family only buys VIVO.

Huawei has a very high reputation in H county, and it is the brand with the largest number of users mentioned and considered. It is generally believed that Huawei has a good brand and reliable product quality. Of course, Huawei mentioned here should include Huawei and Glory. Da Liu is a loyal Huawei powder, and almost every time he changes the machine, he only considers Huawei. Only two days ago, I bought VIVO X20 from a friend’s shop because of my kindness, but he said that the mobile phone is changing quickly now, and the next mobile phone will definitely be changed back to Huawei.

Followed by Huawei, it is the OPPO and VIVO of BBK. Their pleasing appearance and good service are the key to their success. Xiaomi can only be behind them, maybe a little ahead of Apple. Although the price of apple is obviously higher than that of domestic brands, there are still many fans in H county, accounting for more than 10%. In Xiaoxue’s view, the proportion of Apple users in her social circle is higher, which may be close to 20%.

Interestingly, although several students use different brands of mobile phones, the main reference indicators for buying mobile phones tend to be the same. They usually determine their favorite brand first, then check the price of mobile phones according to their own needs and budgets, finally compare their respective parameter configurations, and finally decide where to buy. It seems that the success of VO brothers is not accidental, and the efforts to spend money on brand wars have touched the user’s psychology.

Min Ge is a loyal user of Xiaomi, and several of his mobile phones are Xiaomi. Brother Min sighed that Xiaomi was once one of the brands with the largest number of users in H County. But many people around him changed their mobile phones to Huawei, OPPO and VIVO, and now he has become a minority.

Brother Min usually gives priority to ordering a mobile phone from Xiaomi official website. If it is out of stock, he will go to Tmall and JD.COM to buy it. However, there are fewer people who buy mobile phones online like him in H county, and most people still buy mobile phones through physical stores like Liu and Hua Tsai.

There are probably several reasons for choosing a physical store: 1. Physical stores can provide cash, which is more efficient than online shopping for three or four days; 2. The channel management ability of brands has improved, and the prices and gifts of physical stores are almost the same as those of websites; 3. The after-sales service of physical stores is more convenient and practical; 4. Many physical stores have cooperation concessions with local operators. Even if the price of mobile phones is slightly higher, they can get more benefits through package discounts and gifts.

In the mobile phone market in H county, it can be said that those who get physical stores win the world! Judging from the results reflected by everyone, it is precisely the brands that have successfully laid offline channels, such as Huawei, VIVO, OPPO, etc., which occupy more market share.

Brother Min, who returned to H County as a teacher after graduation, has already developed the habit of having a mobile phone in my hand. He basically travels without a wallet, and only needs to open WeChat or Alipay when paying. In his daily mobile payment, the proportion of consumption through WeChat payment has reached more than 80%, and Alipay is only used in living payment and a few scenarios. His daughter Xiaoxue relies more on WeChat payment in her daily life, and more than 90% of her consumption is completed through WeChat payment. Only when there are preferential activities on the platform will she think of paying with Alipay.

Liu, who used to work in a big city, was originally given a red envelope by Alipay’s code scanning activity, and gradually cultivated the habit of giving priority to Alipay payment. However, after returning to H County during the Spring Festival, he failed to continue this habit, but instead used more cash and WeChat for consumption. The reason is very simple. He found that many stores only have WeChat QR code and do not support Alipay QR code payment. However, Brother Min has different views on this. Before the Spring Festival, Alipay also carried out activities of scanning codes to receive red envelopes in H County, and then the number of shops supporting Alipay increased significantly.

According to my observation, the popularity of mobile payment in H county is slightly worse than that in Y city. Almost all shops in Y city print and post QR codes, while the proportion in H county is about 70% to 80%. It is common for open-air or mobile vendors in Y city to hang QR codes, but it is rare in H county. On the way to Brother Min’s house, I also saw a grandfather selling sugar cane hang an oversized QR code of A4 plastic paper on his tricycle, but it’s a pity that Arong drove by before he could reach for his mobile phone. Of course, not posting the QR code does not mean that the owner does not accept mobile payment. He can display the receipt code on the spot with his mobile phone, but the convenience of the transaction has decreased.

In terms of financial management, many students used to speculate in stocks, but they were afraid of being cut by leeks. Now there are not many. There are also high-return private lending activities in H County, and occasionally investors lose all their money because of running away with money. However, several students haven’t heard of the news that someone around them is involved in Qian Bao and kind-hearted. It seems that the Internet Ponzi scheme has not yet penetrated into H County. Brother Min is the opinion leader of people around him. When I asked about emerging Internet wealth management products such as P2P, he said that he had seen more negative news before and didn’t dare to contact. However, if the financial security is guaranteed, I am willing to experience compliant P2P products.

Because they are worried about the safety of funds, everyone chooses to deposit the remaining money in Yu ‘ebao or Licaitong. Brother Min himself was basically placed in Yu ‘ebao, but now there are more wealth management links on WeChat. There are two reasons: First, Licaitong and Yu ‘ebao are similar products, and their return on investment is equivalent. Since last year, the annualized rate of return of Licaitong has even been slightly higher than that of Yu ‘ebao; Second, most of the mobile payment relationships between people are transferred to WeChat, and the money received through WeChat is far greater than Alipay, so it is easier to transfer wealth management.

However, he speculated that other people’s money might still be more on the balance treasure, because the blind worship of Ma Yun’s father in society is very heavy, and many people have formed the concept of "big money balance treasure, small money WeChat". Like Liu, he told me that he only believed Ma Yun’s words. However, due to the obvious interception phenomenon of WeChat collection in daily work and life, Licaitong has already diverted Yu ‘ebao. Brother Min thinks it’s only a matter of time before people around him put their money in Tenpay and exceed Yu ‘ebao.

In social applications, WeChat has become a universal application, followed by QQ, and Tencent’s dominance in the social field is unshakable. Brother Min’s students usually only use QQ to contact him. It seems that middle school students all over the country have the same idea when they reach the rebellious period &mdash; &mdash; Avoid parents and create your own room for growth.

Weibo is mainly played by young people who like to pay attention to entertainment trends. Xiaoxue will open it once or three times a day to see the gossip of stars. Like Brother Min and Liu, they basically abandoned it. In Brother Min’s words, friends are all on WeChat, and they don’t care about the entertainment circle. What motivation is there to open Weibo? Andy even simply uninstalled Weibo to save memory space. Momo, who just bought the exploration in full, is said to have many users in H county. Brother Min once downloaded and installed it curiously. He recalled that there were indeed many people nearby.

Information applications are mentioned in WeChat, Today’s Headlines, Tencent News, a little information and Netease News UC browser. All of them said that today’s headlines are installed in their mobile phones, and they will be opened frequently, but the general stay time is more likely to be small videos and jokes. In fact, most people get information from WeChat and Tencent news clients. The sources of WeChat are divided into the third party WeChat official account, Tencent News WeChat official account and friends circle. Wechat has great user value potential. The Tencent News APP on Xiaoxue’s mobile phone was installed after she saw the content she was interested in from WeChat.

In addition, Xiaoxue also installed Meitu Xiu Xiu, Aauto Quicker, Tik Tok and other photo and video apps. Fun and easy to use is the magic weapon to conquer young users. There are not many outdoor live broadcasts in Aauto Quicker, H county. Several of them said that they have not seen the scene of online celebrity’s outdoor live broadcast on the streets of H county, but Xiaoxue’s boyfriend said that he had seen it in a neighboring county. There should be a large number of user groups in H county. You can see the works of many local users by opening the location. Tik Tok is another short video APP that young people like, and it has a high degree of overlap with users in Aauto Quicker. Xiaoxue said that her classmates and friends are basically users in Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok.

In terms of games, the glory of the king is as popular among young people as eating chicken, and the glory of the king is even popular among women. In the adult market, small games and chess games such as jumping and lianliankan are more common to help people kill time in their spare time.

A considerable number of people said that they actually have a lot of information applications that come with their mobile phones. They just deleted other applications that are rarely used and kept the common parts. Today’s headlines, a little information, Sohu News, etc. all follow this path. It seems that mobile phone pre-installation is still a very important application distribution channel, with low cost and large user coverage. As long as the products and content work hard, the value of this channel still has great potential to be tapped.

When asked what is the most commonly used e-commerce platform, almost everyone blurted out Taobao. Rich products, convenient package and complaints are the main reasons why people choose Taobao. Although the place in H County is small, the traffic is actually quite good, with two railways, two expressways and a national highway running through it. After placing an order in Taobao, you usually receive the goods in three to four days. For this aging speed, everyone generally agrees. In fact, if we can strengthen the process optimization management, the traffic conditions in H county should be faster.

Apart from Taobao, everyone is most impressed by Pinduoduo. Pinduoduo began to rise last year, and it has become well known by brushing the screen in the circle of friends. As in Y city, Pinduoduo faces the same brand credit crisis in H county. The image of Pinduoduo has been adversely affected by the mixed quality of merchants, poor quality control of goods and imperfect after-sales service.

Liu’s wife is a heavy user in Pinduoduo. Liu and her daughter always criticize her for buying a bunch of things that she doesn’t need. Her behavior has changed under the pressure of her family. In Brother Min’s view, Pinduoduo is an exclusive platform for middle-aged women who have more leisure time. Things are not right for them, but his wife occasionally makes a group with her friends. Xiaoxue, on the other hand, thinks that there are too many fakes in Pinduoduo, and it’s hard to tell them apart, so she stays at a respectful distance and only uses Taobao, which has more standardized platform management. Hua Zai has long given his wife the power to purchase goods at home, including online shopping. It seems that his wife has used Taobao instead of Pinduoduo.

JD.COM’s weak presence in H County is somewhat unexpected. Even in JD.COM’s powerful digital 3C category, few people say that they have bought such goods in JD.COM. Even an opinion leader like Brother Min only goes to JD.COM to check the information, and rarely places an order. In contrast, Vipshop, the main clothing, is used more often. He feels that the products of Vipshop are more real. Although sometimes the price is slightly higher than that of Tmall, he wants to buy it with confidence.

Netease koala is mentioned among young people, and Xiaoxue’s roommate will use it in activities as a supplement to Taobao. Brother Sanshi should be pleased that he has a certain brand influence among young people and can touch the potential user groups in the future.

The take-away market is dominated by young people, such as Liu and Hua Zai, who are not used to ordering take-away, and tend to take two steps to the restaurant for a fresh meal. Liu thinks that disposable tableware is not environmentally friendly and can be used as little as possible. Brother Min doesn’t order takeout many times. If he wants to order it, it is usually a fixed restaurant. He usually calls the boss directly to order food, and never uses the takeout platform. Because I am familiar with my boss on weekdays, the efficiency and service of ordering food by phone is better than through the takeaway platform. Buyers don’t spend delivery fees, and hotel owners don’t have to pay platform commissions, so it’s really a win-win situation for both sides to go to the intermediate link.

Or Xiaoxue, a student, is the one who orders the most takeout. She and her friends are used to ordering food by being hungry. She explained that it was not that she had a preference for selling platforms abroad, but that she was stationed in H County earlier because she was hungry. It is reported that Baidu take-out took the lead in landing in H county, and later hungry to follow up with Baidu take-out competition, and gradually gained the upper hand; However, the US Mission only entered the H county market in the second half of last year, and it is still in its infancy. However, the push ability of the US Mission has always been super strong, and we have clearly felt the strong impact of the US Mission on the street. It seems that the take-away market in H county is likely to change in the future.

Two days ago, I saw an article saying that the first-and second-tier cities were so hot that they answered questions live, but no one was interested in their hometown. It seemed that their hometown and the outside world were two different worlds. This phenomenon actually exists in H county.

Before the Spring Festival, you threw coins, I threw coins, and everyone threw coins together. The award-winning live answer was in full swing, and my circle of friends was full of advertisements and questions to show off. However, when asked about classmates and friends in H county, the answer was surprisingly consistent: I don’t know, I have never played. Xiaoxue has heard of it, but she is not interested in it.

Another thing that surprised me was the traveling frog. I thought this Buddhist game would become popular in H county like other popular games. Traveling frogs have entered the fading period of aesthetic fatigue in first-and second-tier cities, and Y city has just become popular, but it seems that it has not yet started in H county, and even the light snow that likes to chase the new trend has not been affected. According to this situation, traveling frogs are likely to have no chance to rise in H county, and no one wants to play an outdated game.

Xiaoxue said to me at dinner: Uncle, since I added your WeChat, I feel that the style of my circle of friends has improved a lot. I am a little puzzled to ask why, is it that I am more handsome than your father? She said no, her usual circle of friends is all trivial and chicken soup for the soul, but you sent some in-depth articles. At that time, I was shocked, because it was normal for my friends to share my own or my peers’ manuscripts, and some of them were even soft articles. In Xiaoxue’s view, this information is a clean stream in her inherent circle, something that has never been seen before.

Suddenly think of another little thing. Last year, I called several other students I hadn’t contacted for years, and they didn’t answer many times, but they didn’t refuse to answer. Later, I sent a text message to explain my identity before I got in touch. Asked about the reason, they said that they were worried about fraud when they saw that the incoming number was a strange number from other places, and I realized that it was a pot with a new mobile phone number. Being aware of safety is a good thing, but it also fully shows that many people in their hometown are too conservative.

In the last article, I compared Y city to the outer suburb of Beijing. Although it is far from the front line, at least the information is relatively smooth, but it lacks some development opportunities. The feeling in H County is that, like a village in a big city, it seems to be in a modern city, and the reality is completely different from the bustling CBD and business district. For most people in villages in cities, demolition may be the only way out. The same is true of the 18-line small county like H County, expecting the once-in-a-thousand-year "big demolition", such as merging into nearby strong provinces and cities and establishing high-standard open areas.

Nowadays, the mobile Internet has technically reduced the communication cost with the outside world and improved the productivity and quality of life, but it can’t solve the problem of information equivalence, let alone change the existing circles and horizons. Sometimes we think that the great progress we have made is actually just barely keeping pace with the times so as not to be left behind.

Like the children in the village, the children in H county have to go out if they want to change their destiny. When Xiaoxue go outside from H county after graduation, they may be as confused and uneasy as we were, lacking the confidence they deserve. This is obviously not what Brother Min and everyone want to see.

[titanium media author: ant worm, science and technology critic, columnist. Wechat WeChat official account: miniant-cn]

, 10 years old today!

These days, what haunts my mind is the song "Ten Years" by the king of K songs.

Ten years ago.
I don’t know you. You don’t belong to me.
We are still the same.
Be around a stranger.
Walking through the familiar streets
Ten years later.
We are friends and can still say hello.
……

People say that love songs are always old and good, and you can’t forget them all over the world.

In the past ten years, I sincerely, sincerely, sincerely thank everyone who accompanied me on this screen, colleagues and family members of Soft Media, and wives/elders/daughters/brothers and sisters/friends who always accompanied me (in no particular order).

It is difficult to write this article, and the essayist has encountered a thorny problem. Thoughts are scattered and scattered, and even in the fragments of the first few code words, emotional fluctuations roll and float, making it difficult to write.

For a long time, I think, let’s recall and report our journey over the years and sum up our merits and demerits.

In 2002, my first venture was e-commerce. I remember about the same year as Taobao, when I made a city-level online shopping platform in Qingdao, Tesco (www.loogoo.com, has now jumped to the soft media official website). At that time, Slogan was "Happy Shopping in Tesco". It seems that at that time, I laid two foreshadowing or main lines for today. First, IT is happiness, just like "akg, love here", which was founded by IT House. Tolerance, love and happiness have always been the mentality. Second, it is the e-commerce complex. In the past 20 years, every project will naturally bring e-commerce elements, just like spicy products, just like buying the most.

In 2005, I started my business for the second time and made a palm show. A national SP/CP business platform is the download and distribution alliance of mobile phone ringtones and mobile phone pictures. In half a year, the alliance business should be the first and second position in the industry, and it has also dug its first bucket of gold.

In the second half of 2006, my mind was zero, and I was close to financial freedom. I chose my favorite things, technology, internet and software. At this time, the third career, the beginning of soft media. Software+Media = Soft Media, Vista Optimizer+Vista House, Optimizer+Win7 House, Win8 Optimizer+Win8 House, Soft Media Forum, Cool Desktop, Rubik’s Cube, Flash Tour, Magic Beads, Rubik’s Cube Assistant (later, Soft Media Time and Present), Soft Media Cleaner, Soft Media Optimizer, Soft Media Beautifying Master, Soft Media Software Manager, etc.

During the eight years of free software development of soft media, I was the happiest time. I was immersed in the world of zero-one digital products, and until now, it is hard to find the happy mood in that time.

From Internet websites to software, the advent in 2007 opened the era of mobile Internet.

Before that, whenever the secularized technology in the world was mentioned, computers, Microsoft and Windows could not be avoided. However, after that, civil science and technology became colorful. Even on the website content of Win7 House, nearly 90% of the content is a topic outside Windows.

So, on May 15th, 2011, the word "Media" in the word "Soft Media" opened a new page, and we founded the IT House (www.ithome.com）。 It brings together the previous Windows House and expands the fields of iOS, games, digital, etc. Today, there are new columns and topics such as evaluation, 5G, AI, smart car, etc. In recent years, it has achieved full platform coverage from websites, WAP/PWA, iOS /OS, WP/UWP, Linux, macOS, Weibo, WeChat public number, Tik Tok number, B station number, headline Netease and other aggregation numbers, WeChat/Alipay/Baidu applets.

It seems like a long ten years, as the annual line on the face grows longer and deeper like the annual rings of trees, the passing of time is the only thing that remains unchanged since the beginning.

IT House strives to provide important value content in pan-technology and frontier fields as quickly and completely as possible.

Akg, love it here.

Soft media-exist, create value.

Peaches and plums don’t say anything, but they make their own way. The height of the sun determines the growth angle of many plants. Unforgettable, persistent and abiding by the initial heart and mission …

Suffering, every week, every month and every year, never stops. But I sincerely like that sentence, plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold.

There are too many growth stories in the past ten years, which are always on the verge of death. The ups and downs are endless. After all, love, love this.

IT house, ten years to sharpen a sword.

In the tenth year, the wish of IT House at the age of nine was realized. Since mid-March, 2021, Baidu Index has steadily occupied the first place among all domestic scientific and technological media. It is also almost the only scientific and technological media that maintains steady growth today.

In the tenth year, IT House entered the top 500 WeChat WeChat official account in China (new list data: ranking 397 in all fields).

In this decade, IT House has entered the top 500 websites in China (Alexa data: it ranks 396 among all websites in China today).

In the past ten years, IT House has become the largest website in Shandong Province.

In this decade, Weibo, which lacks operation (shame), ushered in the era of 6 million fans, and we also included the vast majority of scientific and technological digital numbers in the external aggregation such as Netease Sohu headlines.

Often, when I saw the IT House App opened in someone else’s mobile phone in a corner of Qingdao, I went to talk. IT turned out that they didn’t know that IT House was the work of a Qingdao enterprise. Every time I meet this, just like the character represented by my net name assassin, there is a kind of chivalrous feeling of "killing one person in ten steps, leaving a thousand miles".

There is no end to things, and there are times when things are going well.

How high the mountain is, how deep the valley is.

Only, look up at the road and bow down to do things.

The whole world will make way for a man who is bent on his goal.

Heaven rewards diligence, authentic rewards goodness, business rewards faith, and industry rewards essence.

Strive to survive for the cause of love, we step by step, earnestly practice our initial mission, keep our integrity surprisingly, hide our things in our bodies, and move forward.

Everyone is wrong, this is not a reason to find the wrong, this is just a simple truth.

However, there are mistakes in recognition, province establishment and reform.

In the past ten years, there have been many mistakes in management, personnel, legal affairs, outreach and community operation.

Before going to bed every night, always reflect on the right and wrong of this day before the habit of forcing your thoughts to zero.

Tough response to Wenxuan incident, missed some excellent editorial colleagues …

Take this as a lesson, and you can travel far and round.

Do value, not evil.

Although I have passed the age of no doubt, the IT home is just a lush teenager.

There are two major difficulties.

One difficulty is to balance the balance between commercial food and content value. The second difficulty is how to balance some irrational disputes between readers’ views.

Under the correct and positive values, use love, which can dilute and then dissolve some seemingly unchangeable winds from reality.

Darkness cannot dispel darkness, only light can; Hatred can’t dispel hatred, only love can.

If you do something difficult, you will get something.

Suffering breeds, not seeking glory, but seeking innocence.

A thousand words, ten thousand words.

Thank you, everyone.

Thank you, thank you, thank you!

Happy 10th birthday, IT House! Happy family day, family members of IT House!

Assassin, CEO of soft media-"essayist", home of belt/trousers/advertisement/paving machine/home of being kicked/home of soft powder/home of rice flour/home of fruit powder/home of Huawei/car home/home of base ….. the head of many homes, the head of IT home, and the head of "Qingdao Reservoir".

At 15: 15 on May 15th, 2021, it was International Family Day and Home Day.

Qingdao, in front of the floating mountain, by the blue sea, in the early summer when it clears up after the rain.

Special feature of 1905 film network The TV series Blossoms Shanghai, directed by Wong Kar-wai and starring Hugh, finally came to light on December 27th, 2023 after six years of preparation and three years of shooting.The first broadcast of the series was 10 minutes, and the central eight broke 2, with a peak of 2.6. The average ratings of the first two episodes were 1.9984.

On the network platform, the heat value in Blossoms Shanghai Tencent Video Station broke 30,000, and it has entered Tencent Video "Explosive Club". The total interactive volume of barrage in Mandarin and Shanghainese versions broke 10 million, and the interactive volume of barrage in a single day broke 1 million for five consecutive days, which made Blossoms Shanghai, which has been expected for three years, gather more attention and flow.

Three years ago, when the news came out that Wong Kar-wai was going to direct a TV series, a group of Wong Kar-wai fans shouted "Impossible".

As a well-known director in the film circle, it takes three to ten years to make a two-hour film. Isn’t it necessary to photograph the collective retirement of fans in a 30-episode TV series? Wong Kar-wai returned after a lapse of 10 years, and the audience commented that "the top priority in the Chinese film circle this year is to make TV series in Wong Kar-wai".

It is no exaggeration to say that Blossoms Shanghai, who has been working behind the scenes for 9 years, has exploded!

However, when this Wong Kar-wai Blossoms Shanghai, which took six years to prepare, three years to shoot and four times to kill, was officially broadcast, we had to admire Wong Kar-wai for still capturing the retro modernity of Shanghai in 1993 with the most exquisite light and shadow and the most delicate lens.

With a film-like texture, the play shows the joys and sorrows, diligence and tenacity, wisdom and affection experienced by Shanghai people in the early days of reform and opening up. Shanghai in the 1990s was "figurative" in this drama, giving the audience an immersive feeling of watching the drama as if they were in the tide of the times.

At the same time, the flow and attention are projected to Blossoms Shanghai, and the voices of voicing to Wong Kar-wai, Blossoms Shanghai and a group of Shanghai local actors are also coming &mdash; &mdash; There are many negative voices, such as "Shanghai style is out of place in the times", "the story clues are a mess" and "Wong Kar-wai can only shoot the camera but can’t tell stories", and many people in the industry also expressed "some disappointment" after watching the premiere in Blossoms Shanghai.

Film critic Ai Hui said very directly in Weibo: "I don’t like Blossoms Shanghai, but Wong Kar-wai plays Pinduoduo."

However, with the broadcast of Blossoms Shanghai until the 10th episode, the audience’s word-of-mouth gradually began to warm up, and the comments on Blossoms Shanghai in social media gradually changed from "light pollution" to "seeing more and more", and there was a hot search term "watching Blossoms Shanghai five days ago VS five days later" on the hot search list.

In the eyes of film critic Ai Hui, this phenomenon is the normal deviation of the audience’s focus on watching the drama. Including Ai Hui himself, when watching Blossoms Shanghai’s first four episodes, there will be a strong feeling that "form is more than content". It is basically difficult to see natural light in the series. With the help of filters and studio lights, the monotonous sense of high-level makes the audience prone to "visual fatigue" when watching the drama. At the same time, the characters in the first four episodes are thin and the story lines are complicated, so it is very normal for the audience to have negative voices.

However, with the continuous broadcast of the drama series, the weak stories and characters in the early stage are gradually enriched, and the audience’s attention has shifted from the initial "Wong Kar-wai’s filming technology" to "the fate of the characters", and they have begun to devote themselves to the content of the drama series, and it is precisely at this time that several major characters have slowly unfolded.

First of all, Reiko played by Ma Yili, and how did Reiko, who gave a lecture on "Tokyo at Night" in Ginza, and Mr. Bao, played by Hugh, get to know each other? Reiko went to Tokyo with a plane ticket and embarked on a journey without a return ticket. She never thought about giving up. If she could not achieve something, she would never return to Shanghai. At this desperate moment, she and Mr. Bao met, and the two struggling young people resonated, and the soul fit gradually revealed its trace. These delicate warm stories and the vigorous vitality of Reiko’s independence and self-improvement slowly began to infect the audience.

Then began to tell the story of Miss Wang, played by Tang Yan. When it was first broadcast in Blossoms Shanghai, Miss Wang’s character coincided with the role played by Tang Yan before. Many viewers thought that she was still a "love brain" and "silly and sweet", and there was no great breakthrough. However, with the advancement of the plot, Miss Wang’s character became more and more full. In order to prove that "she is her own dock", she refused the Cadillac given to her by Mr. Bao and wanted to make her own way.

It can be seen that Wong Kar-wai applied the techniques of making movies to Miss Wang. For example, he used a low position, and Tang Yan’s big wavy hair was clearly seen. Including how her eyes contain tears and how tears flow down. It is the emotions behind these details that, with the unfolding of the fate of the characters in an episode, the audience will gradually feel so advanced.

The fate of the characters covered with details once again shows Wong Kar-wai’s "super power" to control the story behind emotions. If we say that in the first 10 episodes, the audience only loved Wong Kar-wai’s original shots and light and shadow, in the 13th to 18th episodes, there must be no flaws in the characters, stories and emotions, and the narrative, rhythm and atmosphere set off the TV series Blossoms Shanghai just right. I believe that Mr. "Sunglasses King" will smile after reading the audience’s comments.

On the other hand, the audience familiar with Wong Kar-wai commented that "Wong Kar-wai’s films, like prose, pay attention to emotional transmission, but not to story expression. It’s so specific that he really can’t control it. " Therefore, in the eyes of professional film critics, Wong Kar-wai’s storytelling ability has become a key link in Blossoms Shanghai. So, did Wang Dao really make it?

In this regard, Ai Hui, a film critic who has always been known for being sharp and daring to tell the truth, agreed with the above views of netizens. Wong Kar-wai uses emotions as his clue to string together the stories of the characters, and some of the shooting techniques are actually rarely seen in previous TV dramas.

For example, Reiko has a roof, which has never been repaired properly and always leaks. It is easy for the audience to think of a "stalk" in "Chongqing Forest", that is, Tony Leung Chiu Wai, who is lovelorn, always has a dripping towel, which symbolizes Tony Leung Chiu Wai who refuses to cry. Instead, he shed tears on the towel.

This kind of association will make many fans very useful. It seems that in TV series, Wong Kar-wai tells more complete stories than in movies. The capacity of previous movies was just like a room, and Wong Kar-wai had to make a choice. The director can only show you some corners of the room. Then the current 30 episodes are like a museum, so there is enough time and space to put all the things that director Wong Kar-wai loves.

In Blossoms Shanghai’s TV series, he used a lot of documentary materials. The series has repeatedly stressed that this is 1993 and this is 1988. I think he is still very sensitive to the scale of time. Perhaps in Wong Kar-wai’s view, time is about equal to fate. Under the action of time, some people become "face" and some people become "sons". Bao became Bao Zong, Ber Ber became Ber Ber, and Miss Wang became "Entrepreneur Miss Wang".

Director Wong Kar-wai seems to be "in love" with the audience. You misunderstand him, and perhaps it is also a kind of interest to watch Blossoms Shanghai.

Blossoms Shanghai has a relatively concentrated story line every few gatherings. Even if you don’t know anything about it, you will feel a high-level unit drama when you pick out those episodes, which will definitely be a very innovative immersive feeling for the audience.

In addition, Wong Kar-wai insists on his own shooting methods, such as slow work and fine work like single-camera shooting. It is said that Tang Yan spent three years just grinding a Blossoms Shanghai and didn’t take any other plays. Including Dong Yong, a very experienced actor, it takes 30 shots to choose one. There are even actors who think that "maybe I can’t finish it all my life."

Looking back, the "silence" of Blossoms Shanghai’s opening was originally for the sake of the blockbuster behind. This kind of shooting technique is so luxurious that only Wong Kar-wai can do it. We should not underestimate Blossoms Shanghai’s influence. There may only be one or two TV dramas worth chewing like Blossoms Shanghai every few decades, so Blossoms Shanghai may become an orphan for a long time. All the likes and dislikes will eventually turn into traffic, so that everyone can focus on Blossoms Shanghai. For domestic dramas, it may have greater significance.

existIn the coming week, the key cabinet members nominated by Trump will face the ultimate "big test"-the Senate committees will hold cabinet confirmation hearings one after another..

According to the U.S. Constitution, the President has the right to nominate cabinet members, but they can only be formally appointed after being examined and approved by the Senate. Positions that must be approved by the Senate include cabinet members, heads of federal administrative departments, ambassadors, Supreme Court justices, federal court judges and chairman of the Federal Reserve. The related affairs committee of the Senate will review the background, qualifications, political inclination and financial status of the nominee, so as to judge the nominee’s qualifications. In American history, most presidential nominations have been approved.Only nine times have senators rejected cabinet nominations..

Trump’s presidential team

As a president with no formal political background, Trump’s personnel appointment is relatively efficient. He is the second president to announce two cabinet candidates in the first week after Nixon was elected president in 1968. In contrast, Obama announced the first cabinet member in the third week after his election in 2008.

Although Trump is methodical in personnel appointment, the cabinet candidates he has announced one after another are still controversial-Republicans, whites, rich people and soldiers appear frequently in the list.

Keyword 1: Businessman

At present, among the 13 cabinet members nominated by Trump, there are five wealthy businessmen.. Trump, who is also a businessman, frequently throws an olive branch to his business colleagues when nominating cabinet members. The five cabinet ministers, including the Secretary of State, the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Commerce, the Minister of Labor and the Minister of Education, are all from the business community, among which there are many billionaires. According to Forbes magazine’s estimate, these five people are worth a total of $4.4 billion.

Historically, there have been many precedents for Republicans to choose people from the financial sector to preside over the finance and business departments. Barbara Franklin and Carlos Gutierrez, two commerce ministers during the Bush-son period, were both corporate CEOs, and all three finance ministers came from big consortia such as Goldman Sachs.

So,If Trump’s nomination for the two ministers of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce is reasonable, it is special to nominate Rex W. Rex Tillerson, the former CEO of ExxonMobil, as Secretary of State.. As the number one figure in the cabinet, the importance of the Secretary of State is self-evident. Similar to Trump, Tillerson is a businessman with no political background. Before him, 68 secretaries of state appointed by successive presidents of the United States had political experience, and Trump’s move was widely regarded as a firm manifestation of his anti-establishment stance. According to Xinhua News Agency, as the "most pro-Putin American" in the cabinet, Tillerson also has close contacts with the Saudi oil minister and the Qatar royal family. Coupled with the business relationship with Trump himself, it is reasonable for Trump to choose him as an important cabinet post.

Keyword 2: Soldiers

In Trump’s nominated cabinet list, james mathis, Secretary of Defense, and John Kelly, Secretary of Homeland Security, both held important positions in the military. The former was the commander of the US Central Command, commanding the US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; The latter is the former commander of the US Southern Command, responsible for the US military missions in Central and South America and the Caribbean. In addition, Trump’s nomination list can be described as "land, sea and air". Interior Minister Ryan Zinke served in the US Navy and reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel when he retired; Attorney General Jeff Sessions served in the US Army and reached the rank of captain when he retired; Rick Perry, the energy secretary, was a captain in the US Air Force before he retired.

Is it reasonable for Trump to appoint so many people with military backgrounds? Diao Daming, an assistant researcher at the American Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that the Trump team seems to have many soldiers, but it has not deviated from the historical track in essence, but has continued some traditions of the Republican Party and even the two parties. Apart from the fact that the Minister of National Defense is the first military defense chief since 1950 and the Minister of Homeland Security is the first military minister in history, other military nominations are not special.

Keyword 3: Minority women

In a list of cabinet-level officials filled with "men" and "whites", two ethnic minority women stand out, namely Zhao Xiaolan, Minister of Transportation of Chinese descent, and Nikki R. Haley, Indian Ambassador to the United Nations.

As an important cabinet member during the Bush-son political period, Zhao Xiaolan’s resume can be described as glamorous. She is the first Chinese to enter the cabinet in American history, the first Chinese "White House scholar" and an outstanding representative of the famous think tank Hudson Institute. In addition, Zhao Xiaolan has a special identity-the wife of Mitch McConnell, the majority leader of the Senate. Judging from Trump’s previously announced governance framework, 550 billion US dollars of infrastructure construction is a big core, and a large part will be used for basic transportation construction such as roads and bridges. In the future, both the successful appointment of Zhao Xiaolan and the passage of the 550 billion infrastructure investment bill need to be approved by Congress. With this relationship with McConnell, we can win more support more or less.

Another minority woman, 44-year-old Nikki Haley, is the youngest incumbent governor in the United States and the first female governor in the history of South Carolina. Judging from the sex ratio of successive American ambassadors to the United Nations, men account for the vast majority (Obama appointed three female ambassadors in two consecutive terms, which is an exception). The Wall Street Journal pointed out in a commentary that as a president who came to power with strong support from the white class, the election of an Indian woman to the United Nations will help to make Trump’s cabinet team more diversified.

Who is about to face the Senate "big exam"

In the coming week, at least nine Trump-nominated cabinet members will attend hearings of Senate committees, including:

-On January 10th, the Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee will consider John Kelly, the nominee for Secretary of Homeland Security.

-On January 10th and 11th, the Senate Judiciary Committee will consider the nominee for Attorney General, Jeff Sessions.

-On January 11th and 12th, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee will consider Secretary of State nominee Rex W. Rex Tillerson.

-On January 11th, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence will consider Mike Pompeo, the nominee for CIA Director.

-On January 11th, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions will consider Betsy DeVos, the nominee for the Minister of Education.

-On January 11th, the Senate Committee on Trade, Science and Transportation will consider Zhao Xiaolan, the nominee of the Secretary of Transportation.

-On January 12th, the Senate Committee on Trade, Science and Transportation will consider Wilbur Ross, the nominee for Secretary of Commerce.

-On January 12th, the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee will consider the nomination of Ben Carson as Minister of Housing and Urban Development.

-On January 12th, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions will consider Andy Puzder, the nominee of Labor Minister.

In a report on January 9th, The New York Times pointed out that since the FBI has not completed the background check of all the nominees, Democrats hope to postpone the Republican hearing on Tuesday by all means.

However, the majority leader of the US Senate, McConnell, once said that he was unwilling to reschedule any hearing, and warned the Democrats as a minority not to set up any obstacles in the hearing. Not only that, when he participated in the CBS program Facing the Country, he said: "All these trivial and perfunctory complaints are related to the frustration they felt when they lost both the White House and the Senate majority."

During this period, the divorce war between South Korean stars Hye-seon Ku and Ahn Jae hyun was raging. In the tug-of-war of divorce, the man broke the news that the woman asked for 30 thousand won a day for housework, which was converted into RMB 176 yuan a day and more than 5,200 yuan a month. The broad masses of people who eat melons have said, please give me a dozen domestic workers of Hye-seon Ku’s standard.

If we change our perspective from gossip discussion to academic discussion, there are actually two interesting questions:

1. Does housework have monetary value?

2. If there is monetary value, how to price it? Let’s discuss it separately below.

No.1 does housework have monetary value?

Housework refers to a kind of work that family members do in their daily family life.Unpaid labor. It usually is.Serve family members.Including but not limited to washing and cooking, looking after children, buying daily necessities, cleaning and hygiene, caring for the elderly or patients, etc. Generally speaking,It is both a production activity and a consumption activity..

Whether housework has price or monetary value has always been controversial in economics and sociology. The traditional view is that the products of housework are not born for sale, so they do not produce production value, and it is even more impossible to constitute the source of surplus value.

On the other hand, according to Marx’s theory of labor value, the value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time condensed in commodities.

Housework itselfCondensed labor, paid labor time and formed labor products., so it should be valuable. Although housework has become a private labor because of the emergence of private ownership and family, this private labor is still an important part of the socialized division of labor system.Its existence ensures the smooth progress of other social production activities.. In other words, if there is no housework, individuals may need to use money to buy corresponding services instead of its existence, thus proving its monetary value in reverse.

From a broader perspective, some studies have found that if housework is not considered,It is impossible to correctly calculate the market productivity and the real consumption of society. Becker, a well-known economist, proposed to bring housework into the national GDP system in 1985. Since then, many developed countries have also calculated the proportion of housework in GDP, ranging from more than 20% in Japan to more than 50% in Australia and other countries.

No.2 how to price housework?

If we think that housework has monetary value, a more important problem is how to price it. At present, there are four mainstream methods in academic circles.

One is the comprehensive substitution methodThat is, the value of housework is replaced by the income level of full-time domestic service workers. The advantage of this method is that the calculation is very simple, and the remuneration of domestic workers in various regions can be directly regarded as the market price of housework. However, this method is easy to underestimate its value, because not all housework can be replaced by domestic servants.

The second is the professional substitution method.That is, each activity of housework is separated, replaced by similar professional income level in market labor, and then merged into the total housework value. This method is also easy to underestimate the value of housework, because the labor efficiency of market specialization is generally high.

One person is better than six.

The following figure shows a calculation table for the value of housework in the eastern coastal cities of the United States, and the method used is the professional substitution method.

The third is the opportunity cost method.That is, the value of housework is estimated by the salary return (shadow price) that domestic workers may get in the labor market when they go out to work at the same time. This method assumes that domestic workers can be fully employed in the market and get the maximum value return, which obviously overestimates the value of domestic work. Take Hye-seon Ku as an example. If all the value of her housework is converted into the reward of spending the same time as an actress, the compensation for housework will be astronomical.

Balala energy! Compensation for housework!

The fourth is the family food law., that is, the consumption cost, which is produced by the family not cooking, is regarded as the value of housework. Obviously, this method greatly simplifies housework, which may cause great deviation.

It can be seen that there is no widely accepted perfect scheme for measuring housework, but these methods can still show us the upper and lower limits of the value of housework. It is worth noting that,Due to the great difference in the wage level between the domestic service market and the employment market in different regions, the value of housework in different regions is also quite different..

A research paper in 2018 used the first three methods mentioned above and the survey data of nutrition and health in China to calculate the monetary value of housework in different regions of China in 2011 (Liao Yuhang, 2018). The data shows that every family in China needs about 6 hours of housework every day, and the average daily working time of the wife is 4 hours, while that of the husband is about 2 hours. In contrast, American women spend 2.24 hours doing housework every day, while men spend 1.38 hours participating in it.

The figure below shows the value of housework in different regions and its proportion in local GDP. in general; generally speaking; on the wholeThe value of housework in the south is greater than that in the north..The more developed areas, the higher the overall value of housework.However, this does not mean that its proportion in GDP is higher. "The proportion of housework to GDP is also related to the wage level and economic growth, but it is inversely related. The more developed the economy, the higher the shadow price of unit housework time, and residents will take efficient ways to replace or reduce housework, thus making the relative ratio of housework to GDP lower (Liao Yuhang, 2018)". Simply put, if you can get a higher return by going out to work, individuals will choose to buy services instead of housework, which will reduce the contribution of housework to GDP in this area.

Source: Liao Yuhang. Estimation of housework value [J]. statistics and decision, 2018(8):38-42.

Q&A anonymous netizen

Since housework is valuable and can be monetized, should a couple ask for a supplementary fee for housework when they divorce?

Article 40 of China’s new marriage law stipulates: "Husband and wife agree in writing that the property acquired during the marriage relationship belongs to each other. If one party pays more obligations for raising children, caring for the elderly and assisting the other party in work, he has the right to ask the other party for compensation when divorcing, and the other party shall make compensation. This article provides that the party who undertakes more housework under the separate property system enjoys the right of economic compensation in divorce. The provisions of this article are essentially the recognition of the value of housework, so that the party (mostly women) who has a weaker economic status and undertakes more housework can enjoy financial compensation when divorced. "

From this point of view, at the legal level, this is completely feasible. But what we want to express more is,Everyone in marriage should pay more attention to the value of housework and be considerate of others’ efforts in the family, which is a necessary attitude to maintain a good marriage.

Let’s go back to the gossip at the beginning. Is it reasonable for Hye-seon Ku to ask for 30,000 won a day for housework? If we set the value of housework as 30% of GDP, it is probably the average level of East Asian countries. In 2018, the per capita GDP of South Korea is 32,000 US dollars (1 US dollar = 1,208.3 won), which is equivalent to the housework value of 31,000 won in the next day. Is this just a coincidence? Or did Hye-seon Ku show us that knowledge is power and knowledge is wealth in an extremely professional and secret way?

references

1. Liao Yuhang. Estimation of the value of housework [J]. statistics and decision, 2018(8):38-42.

2. Shen Youjia. How to measure the price of women’s housework? -the development of time allocation theory for single-family residents in Gary S. Becker [J]. Productivity Research, 2010(11):24-26.

3. Dai Qiuliang, Zhan Guohua. Analysis on the output accounting of housework [J]. statistics and decision, 2010(20):7-10.

4.Becker G. A Treatise on the Family[M].Cambridge：Harvard University Press, 1985.

Chadeau A. What Is Households’Non-Market Production Worth? [J].OECD Economics Studies, 1992，(18).

Author: Li Ting, Associate Professor, School of Social and Population Studies, Renmin University of China.　

This issue is compiled by Li Zhiqi, an undergraduate student at the School of Social and Population Studies, Renmin University of China.

The manuscript was first published in WeChat official account, the WeChat of "Serious Demography Gossip". Please indicate the source, author’s name and "from The Paper Paike Channel" for reprinting. Please contact yansurenkou8gua@163.com for reprinting and cooperation.

　　Editor’s Note: How to deal with construction waste has always been a thorny issue facing urban construction. At the same time, the rapid and extensive demolition and construction mode and simple and primitive treatment methods have led to the overall resource utilization rate of construction waste in China being less than 10%, and it is still in the stage of extensive landfill and stacking. How to deal with construction waste with nowhere to put it? How to solve the dilemma of "besieged city" of construction waste? The resource utilization of construction waste is imperative.

　　To this end, Zhejiang Online specially launched a series of reports on the rebirth of construction waste, to understand the current situation of waste resource utilization in our province through investigation and visit, to explore the experience and methods of cracking the "besieged city" of construction waste in various places, and to show the innovative way for green enterprises to explore circular economy.

　　Zhejiang Online March 30th (Zhejiang Online reporter Zhu Bin)In the abandoned mine near Dongheng Village, Luoshe Town, Deqing County, with the green engineering waste transport vehicles coming in and out, the originally rugged low-lying land has gradually turned into an endless paddy field after years of reclamation, and these engineering waste came from xie cun Waste Transfer Terminal (hereinafter referred to as "xie cun Terminal") of Hangzhou Port.

Leveling the reclaimed land for planting rice.

　　"(engineering slag) soil is actually a resource!" The relevant person in charge of the city appearance supervision department of Hangzhou City Management Committee (hereinafter referred to as "Hangzhou City Management Committee") told the reporter. Construction waste can be divided into five categories: engineering muck, waste mud, demolition waste, engineering waste and decoration waste, and its recycling is the research focus of construction waste disposal in the province.

　　In recent years, with the large-scale urban construction in Hangzhou, the generation and disposal of a large amount of construction waste has also become a phased problem facing Hangzhou. According to the person in charge, at present, there are about 50 million cubic meters of engineering muck produced by urban construction in the main urban area of Hangzhou every year, and this phenomenon may last until 2021 due to large-scale urban construction. He said that the Hangzhou Urban Management Committee has been committed to innovation in the consumption of construction waste and is gradually establishing a complete regulatory mechanism for the normalization of construction waste.

　　Build a high-standard muck transfer terminal

　　Let the engineering muck have a "good place"

　　The reporter learned that there are currently three muck transfer terminals in Hangzhou, among which xie cun Terminal and Luhe Terminal have been put into operation, and Chengdong Terminal is still under construction. "xie cun Wharf is built to a high standard, and the whole process of muck entry and exit has been supervised, which is leading in the country." The person in charge mainly introduced the related operation of xie cun Wharf to the reporter.

Xie cun wharf information management center

　　Xie cun Wharf, the first large-scale and modern construction waste water transfer operation point in Hangzhou, was invested and constructed by Hangzhou Lvnong Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. in 2016. It is understood that the terminal covers an area of about 84 mu, uses a coastline of 456m, and has seven 500-ton berths, including six berths dedicated to construction waste and one berth dedicated to mud. The terminal business radiates to Gongshu District, Jianggan District, Xiacheng District, Xihu District and Yuhang District of Hangzhou, with an average daily throughput of 60,000 tons of construction waste and 15,000 cubic meters of mud.

　　The terminal has also established an information management system to connect with the information management platforms of Hangzhou Urban Management Committee, the municipal traffic police department and the municipal port and shipping department, and provide "one-stop" information services from admission, weighing, scheduling, unloading, measurement and tracking.

　　In recent years, the Hangzhou Urban Management Committee has been focusing on the resource utilization of construction waste, which has given the engineering muck a "good place". The main destination of the transport ship from xie cun Wharf is Luoshe Town, Deqing County, and the engineering dregs on the ship are used for the reclamation of abandoned mines in the local area.

The area on the satellite map that has been backfilled and reclaimed.

　　From muck transport to backfilling and reclamation, the whole process is also subject to strict environmental protection standards. Before the construction muck and mud are transported from the construction site, the general contractor shall provide the environmental impact assessment report of the land to be developed to ensure that the land is pollution-free and sign a disposal contract; From the beginning of outbound transportation, to the transfer terminal, and then to the disposal site, the dregs and mud at the construction site must be tested by a third-party environmental protection testing institution recognized by the environmental protection department, and the soil and water quality in the backfill mining area must be tested to ensure that the dregs and mud used for the backfill treatment of waste ore in the whole logistics chain are nontoxic and harmless.

　　"It is the first in the country to turn abandoned mines into land after treatment and to grow rice!" In 2015, the provincial land work conference was held in Dongheng Village, Luoshe Town, Deqing. Zack Zhang, deputy director of the Urban Construction Department of the Ministry of Construction, and Liao Yonglin, director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, made important instructions.

　　Gradually establish a normalized supervision mechanism.

　　Let the supervision of construction waste "have no dead ends"

　　The relevant person in charge of the City Appearance Supervision Department of the City Appearance Center of Hangzhou Urban Management Committee said that it is a win-win practice to solve the problem of the disposal of engineering muck through the backfilling of abandoned mines, but the lack of space for the disposal of construction waste is still a key problem to be solved urgently. In the face of the staged pressure brought by the urban development of Hangzhou, in addition to the innovation of construction waste consumption, Hangzhou Urban Management Committee is also strengthening the supervision of construction waste disposal.

The information of all muck transport vehicles is fed back in real time on the comprehensive management and control platform of construction waste in Hangzhou.

　　On the comprehensive management and control platform of construction waste in Hangzhou, the reporter found that the monitoring images of several major muck transfer terminals, the real-time information such as the running track and transportation situation of all muck transport vehicles are presented, and the relevant administrative examination and approval of construction waste transportation can also be realized online. Relying on this information platform, Hangzhou Urban Management Committee is gradually establishing a complete regulatory mechanism for the normalization of construction waste.

　　It is understood that the first phase of the information platform began in 2016 and the second phase was completed in 2017. In addition to further improving the supervision function of the construction waste disposal process, it is also stepping up the comprehensive coverage of all urban areas in Hangzhou. "From disorder to order, from order to standardization, with the gradual stabilization of urban construction in Hangzhou, we are also establishing a normalized supervision mechanism." The person in charge said.

　　Since 2013, with the promotion of government departments, our province has successively carried out research on the development of resource utilization of construction waste, and Hangzhou is also constantly promoting the development of the end industry of resource utilization of construction waste. It is understood that about 40 resource utilization points for centralized treatment of construction waste have been established in Hangzhou, and some enterprises have introduced imported mobile construction waste treatment facilities.

Mobile construction waste treatment facility

　　"Demolition of garbage without leaving the city" is the goal of construction waste disposal established by Hangzhou Urban Management Committee, and the most effective way is to realize the resource utilization of construction waste. However, Hangzhou also faces the practical problems of low resource utilization of construction waste and underdeveloped end industries. In view of this problem, the person in charge thinks that the disposal of construction waste should be effectively supervised first, and then the resource utilization mode of construction waste should be continuously explored, which is a gradual development process.

　　synopsis

　　"Six musts must be adhered to" is a whole with strict logic and organic unity, which has profound internal logical implications and provides a powerful ideological weapon for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to unite and lead the people to understand and transform the world in the new era.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward "six musts" in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, that is, we must uphold the people first, self-confidence, integrity and innovation, problem orientation, systematic concept and mind the world. "Six musts must be adhered to" is a whole with strict logic and organic unity, which profoundly demonstrates the world outlook, methodology and standpoint and method of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, and provides a "master key" for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to unite and lead the people to understand and transform the world. We should profoundly grasp the inherent logical implication of "six musts" and make good use of them.

　　Scientific world outlook and methodology are the "master keys" to guide us to understand and transform the world.

　　World outlook and methodology are two basic concepts in philosophy. The world outlook mainly solves the problems of "what" and "why" of the world, while the methodology mainly solves the problems of "how to do it" and "how to do it". World outlook and methodology are organically unified, and what kind of world outlook will form what kind of methodology; What kind of ways and means to understand and deal with problems often depends on the corresponding world outlook. Marxist world outlook and methodology are dialectical materialism and historical materialism, which provide a powerful ideological weapon for us to understand and transform the world.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has persisted in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and has persisted in using dialectical materialism and historical materialism to correctly answer the major questions raised by the times and practice, deepened his understanding of communist party’s ruling law, socialist construction law and human social development law with a brand-new vision, and founded the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. "Six musts" is the innovative development of Marxist world outlook and methodology in the new era. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Only by accurately grasping including &lsquo; Six must adhere to &rsquo; The standpoint, viewpoint and method of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era can better understand the essence of this thought, get the thinking method right, stand tall when understanding the problem, see the problem deeply when analyzing it, and carry out the work accurately, so as to ensure relaxation and freedom. "

　　"Six musts must be adhered to" is a whole with strict logic and organic unity, which embodies the standpoint, viewpoint and method of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the new era from different aspects and dimensions, and provides a powerful ideological weapon for our party to unite and lead the people to understand and transform the world.

　　Adhering to the people’s supremacy is the overall requirement for fulfilling the initial mission.

　　The people’s position is the fundamental political position of the Communist Party of China (CPC). "The people must be supreme" is the first of the "six musts", which emphasizes that the people are the root of our party’s life, the foundation of its governance and the source of its strength. We must adhere to the people-centered development thought and take safeguarding, realizing and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and the end result of all work. Adhering to the people first is the general requirement for every party member, especially leading cadres, to carry out their initial mission in terms of standpoint, viewpoint and method.

　　People’s nature is the essential attribute of Marxism. Adhering to the people first embodies the basic principle of historical materialism that the people are the creators of history, and it is a basic conclusion drawn by our party by summing up historical experience and grasping historical laws. First of all, the historical materialism holds that the people are the creators of material wealth and spiritual wealth and the decisive force of social change. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The magnificent history of the development of the Chinese nation was written by the people of Chinese! The profound Chinese civilization was created by Chinese people! The timeless spirit of the Chinese nation is cultivated by the people of Chinese! The Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich and becoming strong, which was fought by the people of Chinese! " The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly reveals that the people are the creators of history. Secondly, adhering to the people’s supremacy, adhering to the people’s dominant position and giving full play to the people’s dominant role are important conclusions drawn from summing up the party’s more than 100 years of historical experience. The history of our party’s development for more than 100 years is a history in which the party and the people are soul mates, share weal and woe with the people, and it is also a history in which the party leads the people to unite and struggle. Adhering to the people’s supremacy and relying on the people to create great historical achievements are the fundamental reasons why our party has always been in an invincible position and moved from victory to victory.

　　Adhering to the people’s supremacy is not abstract and vague, but concrete and realistic, which must be reflected in all aspects of economic and social development and in the practice of better satisfying people’s yearning for a better life. We must always stand firm on the people’s stand, grasp their wishes, respect their creativity, pool their wisdom, safeguard their interests and realize people’s sharing. We must adhere to the party’s mass line and mass viewpoint, persist in putting the people-centered development thought into all fields and aspects of the cause of the party and the state, take constantly satisfying the people’s yearning for a better life as our goal, focus on solving the most direct and realistic interests that the people are most concerned about, and constantly realize the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society in the process of promoting Chinese modernization.

　　It is the inherent requirement to promote self-revolution to insist on self-confidence, self-reliance and integrity and innovation.

　　The key to China’s success lies in the Party, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the strong leading core of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. As the largest Marxist ruling party in the world, our party must always win the support of the people, consolidate its long-term ruling position, and lead the people to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation. We must further promote self-revolution and always be excellent. In the "six musts", we must insist on self-confidence, self-reliance and innovation, which are the inherent requirements for our party to strengthen its own construction and promote its self-revolution.

　　We must persist in self-confidence and self-reliance, and ask our Party to adhere to its firm belief in Marxism and Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to be firm in road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In the long-term practice of leading revolution, construction and reform, our party has always insisted on independently exploring the way forward. This independent spirit of exploration and practice, and this firm confidence and determination to stick to its own path are the foothold of all our party’s theories and practices, and also the fundamental guarantee for the cause of the party and the people to constantly move from victory to victory." To lead a big country with a population of more than 1.4 billion to promote Chinese modernization and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China (CPC) must persist in self-confidence, always remain sober and firm in solving the unique problems of the big party, and constantly promote self-revolution. Adhering to self-confidence and self-reliance is an important prerequisite and internal requirement for our party to be invincible.

　　Adhering to integrity and innovation is an important principle to promote the continuous development and growth of the party and an inherent requirement to promote the party’s self-revolution. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Only by being upright can we not lose our way and make subversive mistakes, and innovation can we grasp and lead the times." When we talk about upholding integrity, we mean sticking to the right path and the truth, that is, we should "unswervingly adhere to the basic principles of Marxism, the overall leadership of the Party and Socialism with Chinese characteristics". When we talk about innovation, we are constantly making new developments and breakthroughs on the basis of upholding integrity. That is to say, our party must constantly promote self-revolution in light of new practice, constantly open up a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and constantly write a new chapter in the modernization of Marxism in China. It is not only the basic requirement of Marxist materialist dialectics, but also the inherent requirement of the continuous improvement and development of Marxist political parties.

　　It is an inevitable requirement to adhere to the problem orientation and the system concept to promote the social revolution.

　　Promoting the Party’s self-revolution and always maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity is to lead the social revolution with the Party’s self-revolution. Promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization is the central task of the party and the country in the new era and new journey, and it is the biggest politics in the new era. To unite and lead the people to accomplish this central task, our party must solve the problems of "bridge" and "ship", and understand and transform the world by scientific methods. In the "six musts", we must adhere to the problem orientation and the system concept, which are the inevitable requirements for promoting social revolution.

　　Adhering to problem orientation is the starting point for understanding and solving problems. To understand and transform the world, people must start from finding problems and take solving them as the key. "Problems are the voice of the times", and answering and guiding the solution of problems is the fundamental task of theoretical innovation. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We should have a strong sense of problems, be guided by major issues, seize key issues for further study and thinking, and strive to solve a series of outstanding contradictions and problems facing China’s development." Adhering to the problem-oriented process is actually a process of finding problems in time, scientifically screening problems, accurately analyzing problems and solving problems with all one’s strength. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s revolution, construction and reform have always been aimed at solving the practical problems in China, and the Party’s theory has been innovated and developed by constantly answering the questions of the times. It is in this sense that adhering to the problem orientation is the "general grasp" and "breakthrough point" for us to understand and transform the world.

　　Adhering to the concept of system is an important method to analyze and solve problems. Although it is important to find out and discover problems, this is not the purpose, but the purpose is to solve problems. Adhering to the systematic concept and method is a scientific method for us to analyze and solve problems. Adhering to the concept of system requires us to observe and deal with problems from a holistic and overall perspective, with a universally related, comprehensive and systematic perspective. Emphasis is placed on understanding things, analyzing contradictions and solving problems according to the system concept, especially revealing the systematic nature and motion law of objects from the relationship between the whole and the parts and between the parts, which is the fundamental requirement of the system concept and method. On the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, we should more consciously adhere to and apply the systematic concept to observe the situation, analyze problems and promote work, master scientific thinking methods and working methods, constantly improve our strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, innovative thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom line thinking, better control complex situations, respond to risk challenges, and enhance the principle, systematicness, foresight and creativity of our work.

　　It is an objective requirement to show the responsibility of the big party to insist on thinking of the world.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized in the party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a party for the happiness of the people of China and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it is also a party for the progress of mankind and the great harmony of the world." This is a highly generalized and refined expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s mission in the new era. One of the "six musts" is to keep an eye on the world, which embodies the international vision and mission of contemporary the Communist Party of China (CPC) people.

　　A just cause should be pursued for the common good. Persistence in thinking of the world is a concentrated expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s adherence to the global vision, their deep feelings for the world, and their display of the responsibility of the big party. Under the new historical conditions, insisting on thinking of the world requires our Party to grasp the laws of world historical development with a great historical view and a world vision, examine the changes in the world pattern, gain insight into the trend of human development and progress, promote world peace and development, and contribute China wisdom and China’s plan in "striving for progress for mankind and seeking great harmony for the world". We must persist in thinking of the world as an important part of the "six musts", which embodies the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s feelings for the world and the responsibility of the big party.

　　"Six musts must be adhered to" is an internal unity that is interrelated and blended with each other. We should deeply understand the scientific connotation and internal logical implication of "six musts must be adhered to" as a whole, and adhere to and make good use of the world outlook and methodology of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　(The author is a researcher at the Beijing Supreme Leader New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center)

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– END –

Provided by the author

Special topic: picture channel

　　The Ministry of Foreign Affairs recently opened the third batch of the latest declassified archives from 1961 to 1965 to the public, and the archives are open to the public on weekdays (except Friday afternoon). Data map of this newspaper

　　The declassification of the latest batch of diplomatic files took three years, and about 70 serving and retired diplomats and archivists participated in the work. The number of declassified files was the sum of the first two batches.

　　International Herald Tribune reporters Chang Lu and Hou Lijun are from Beijing. There is a slightly old office building on the east side of the Foreign Ministry Building outside Chaoyang Gate in Beijing. If you don’t look carefully, it’s hard for people to notice a bronze medal at its door. After the Ministry of Foreign Affairs released the third batch of declassified files on November 12th, the reporter of International Herald Tribune walked into this office building called South Annex Building to unveil this still slightly mysterious place.

　　Take the elevator from the South Annex Building to the seventh floor and walk for a corridor, then you will arrive at the Open Archives Lending Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. There are two lending offices, one of which is the registration front desk and the retrieval desk, and the file reading room is next to it. At first glance, it looks like the internal reading room of an ordinary government agency. However, it is here that the precious diplomatic archives of People’s Republic of China (PRC) are unfolded one by one in front of reporters like a picture scroll with rich connotations …

　　Yellowing paper has gone digital.

　　Since the first public declassification of archives by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2004, people at home and abroad can check the declassified documents they are interested in, including the instructions of former party and state leaders, messages and telegrams on major diplomatic events, intergovernmental treaties and agreements, etc. Unlike the reporter’s previous imagination, there are no yellowed pieces of paper or piles of documents here. These precious historical files have been completely digitized-they have been scanned into the computer, and users can read them directly on the Internet.

　　When registering at the front desk, our reporter showed my ID card and letter of introduction from the company. After completing the registration, according to the guidance of the staff, I filled out an electronic form on the retrieval computer, including submitting my identity information and the purpose of using the file. After completing the form, I can start to consult the file.

　　Then, the reporter tried to input keywords such as "China, Soviet Union" and "Zhou Enlai" on the computer, as well as related time periods, and the computer screen immediately showed a series of documents containing keywords. After selecting the files of interest, the reporter submitted the application and came to the front desk to pay the fee. The staff told the reporter, "each file needs to pay a cost of two yuan, and up to 10 applications can be submitted at a time." And immediately gave the reporter a password.

　　After using this password to log on to the computer in the reading room, the reporter sat down and slowly read these electronic files. Although these originals can’t be checked out, if users need copies, they can directly submit a copy application on the machine and collect it after paying.

　　Tang Jiaxuan suggested starting file decryption.

　　In 1999, at the suggestion of then Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs set up an "open file appraisal team" to officially start the file decryption work. At that time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs organized nearly 100 serving and retired diplomats to participate in the file decryption work.

　　Considering the high requirements of archives declassification, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs requires all regional departments to send experienced diplomats at or above the deputy division level to screen the voluminous historical archives one by one, make a preliminary examination by division of labor, and write their own opinions on the examination list, such as judging the classification, agreeing or disagreeing with the opening, etc., and give reasons. It will be reviewed by the major departments of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the relevant central ministries and commissions involved in the archives, then approved by the leading group for archives appraisal and opening of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and adopted by the ministerial meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and finally the plan and catalogue for publishing diplomatic archives will be submitted to the State Council for approval.

　　The first batch of decryption work was completely done by hand. In the second batch of decryption work, all files were scanned into the computer in advance, and after the experts read the original, they wrote the audit opinions directly on the computer. At the same time, the second batch of decryption does not need to be reviewed, and the files can be opened after the experts’ opinions are reported for approval step by step. In addition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has purchased special file decryption software, which can greatly improve the work efficiency of the staff engaged in file decryption by setting standards and classifying.

　　November 12th this year is the third batch of declassified files. Zhang Sulin, director of the appraisal and opening department of archives, told the International Herald Tribune, "Between 2006 and 2008, about 70 serving and retired diplomats and archivists participated in the decryption of the third batch of archives." The number of files declassified this time is the sum of the first two batches, and the opening ratio has reached 70%, which is close to international standards. Zhang Sulin said, "It is by no means easy to complete this work. Behind it is the hard work of many staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs."

　　The outgoing ambassador leads the appraisal team

　　In June 2006, entrusted by the Eurasian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Yao Peisheng, a former ambassador of Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, and three other diplomats formed a file appraisal team and began to decrypt the third batch of files, including the diplomatic files related to Sino-Soviet relations from 1961 to 1965.

　　"There are nearly 600 volumes of diplomatic archives of Sino-Soviet relations to be declassified during this period." Yao Peisheng told the International Herald Tribune, "The archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs handed these files to our group, asking us to review them every page, and put forward the approximate deadline for completing the task."

　　According to Yao Peisheng’s memory, in the process of file review, members of the appraisal team often exchange views and refer to each other on some important files. "Take the Record of Talks between the Two Parties of China and the Soviet Union in July, 1963 as an example. This record is 600 pages long and is a document with the highest machine density. However, after careful discussion, the team members unified their opinions and thought that they could all be open. "

　　In order to facilitate readers’ access, the staff also split the original 600-volume file into 2,000 small volumes according to the content. "There were 20 to 30 small volumes in the original stack of files. For example, Deng Xiaoping led a Chinese Communist Party delegation to Moscow for talks with the Soviet side, including protocol activities, meeting records and many other contents. We classified them according to the content during the decryption process, so that it was clear from the catalogue and convenient to access." Yao Peisheng said.

　　Publish the documents on the evolution of Sino-Soviet relations

　　Since 2004, more than 41,000 files have been opened in two batches in the diplomatic sector, spanning from 1949 to 1960. This time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs declassified 41,097 diplomatic files at home and abroad, and the time span was from 1961 to 1965. Guo Chongli, director of the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, told the International Herald Tribune that this is the largest number of files declassified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs so far, "accounting for 70% of the total diplomatic files in this period, while the opening ratio of the first two batches was 60% and 30% respectively."

　　郭崇立说，本次解密档案中，中苏关系演变文件的开放比例为历年最高。从1963年7月14日苏联发表《苏联共产党中央委员会给苏联各级党组织和全体共产党员的公开信》到1964年10月赫鲁晓夫下台，包括当时党和国家领导人对中苏关系问题的指示、批示、内部讲话、情况调研报告、双边谈判记录、往来电报等文件，完整地记录了这一时期中苏两党意识形态论战的过程。其中涉及的重要历史事件包括1963年以邓小平为团长的中共代表团赴莫斯科与苏方就国际共产主义运动总路线问题进行会谈；赫鲁晓夫下台后，中苏国家关系相当紧张，面临何去何从的问题；1964年周恩来出席苏联十月革命纪念活动；中国协助转运苏联对越南的军事援助等。

　　“这次中苏档案开放程度非常高。比如中苏两党会谈记录的详细内容，包括赫鲁晓夫接见邓小平时的所做的讲话，我们一个字都没有保留。”姚培生大使说。

　　此外，本次开放的档案中，1962年的中印边境战争相关文件也同样引人关注，其中包括中方当年的应变措施和撤退人员等情况，中方释放印度战俘的声明以及具体安排，以及中方与印方交涉情况如《国防部发言人声明》、《中方向印方通报释放战俘》等文件。

　　Decryption of 26 ambassadorial talks between China and the United States

　　About the truth that China actively improved its relations with developed countries from 1961 to 1965, the declassified diplomatic cases were also recorded one by one, most notably the Sino-US ambassadorial talks. From 1955 to February 1970, the Chinese and American ambassadors held 136 talks, which laid the foundation for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. The open archives involved 26 conversations between China and the United States through ambassadorial talks (103rd to 128th), covering the return of Chinese nationals from both sides, the exchange of journalists, disarmament, the Vietnam War, weapons testing, etc., including documents such as China’s talks plan, telegrams exchanged, negotiation caliber, and China’s protest against U2 aircraft violating China’s airspace.

　　In this declassified archive, many documents related to the process of establishing diplomatic relations between China and France were published for the first time, such as "The Head of European Affairs of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs talks about the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France" and "Huang Zhen submits credentials to French President Charles de Gaulle".

　　In addition, in this declassified file, Liao Chengzhi and Gao? Tatsunosuke signed the Memorandum of China-Japan Long-term Comprehensive Trade on the development of non-governmental trade between China and Japan, and also signed an agreement to set up resident offices, appoint resident representatives and send resident journalists to each other. "These files reflect that the important feature of Sino-Japanese relations at that time was’ promoting officials by the people’." Guo Chongli said.

　　Decrypt the files during the Cultural Revolution in the next three years.

　　According to our reporter’s understanding, according to the Archives Law and its implementation measures, the archives formed since the founding of New China have been open to the outside world for 30 years since its formation. Guo Chongli said, "At present, the file decryption work is’ centralized clearing of debts’. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs plans to complete the file decryption work from 1965 to 1977 in the next three years, and then the files will be decrypted and opened year by year."

　　Guo Chongli introduced that there are four principles for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to decrypt files. In a nutshell, they are "four noes", that is, "all files that affect national interests, especially security interests, are not open; Files that affect China’s relations with other countries are not open; All files involving personal privacy are not open; All files that affect national unity are not open. " Other diplomatic files can be opened.

　　Our reporter found that many archives were written by hand, such as documents drafted by leaders such as Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi, which were written in small letters with a brush, while some conversation record were written by diplomats with fine pens at that time. Guo Chongli said, "All these have brought many difficulties in word recognition to the staff’s review work."

　　When reading the archives, the reporter also noticed that the parts of the archives that cannot be made public will be blocked by blacking out. According to Guo Chongli, "the introduction of this cover technology conforms to the international standard practice, avoiding the situation that some important documents cannot be used by the public because one or two paragraphs cannot be made public, and improving the proportion of open files."

　　Open archives are widely used.

　　Since the first batch of declassified files was released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2004, the Open File Lending Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has received more than 3,400 file users, including more than 700 foreign users, including some foreign scholars who have studied China’s diplomatic history.

　　At present, these open diplomatic archives not only provide rich first-hand materials for Chinese and foreign scholars to study China’s diplomatic history, but also become vivid cases of news reports and an important channel for the public to understand diplomatic history. Many experts believe that the further opening of diplomatic archives reflects the idea of China government governing the country according to law and its respect for citizens’ right to know, and it is also a manifestation of China’s increasingly confident and mature diplomacy.

　　According to the declassified archives, the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have published the first and second episodes of Selected Diplomatic Archives of People’s Republic of China (PRC), as well as a series of bestsellers such as Decrypted Diplomatic Documents-Archives of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations in People’s Republic of China (PRC): 1949 ~ 1955, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China, so that the public can know more about the process of diplomatic decision-making and the history of China’s diplomatic development.

Editor: Wang Jiaolong