Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The Original Journal of Li Weiwen’s Architectural History from the Beginning to the End of the Reconstruction Plan of Beijing Ancestral Temple in Jiajing Dynasty of Ming Dynasty

In the tenth year of Jiajing (1531), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty initiated a reform of the ancestral temple system in Beijing, aiming at transforming the pattern of different rooms in the same room into the pattern of different halls in the capital. As an engineering decision-maker, Ming Shizong personally formulated the planning principles, and his assistant team submitted several rounds of design schemes and accepted the examination and approval of the emperor, which finally deepened the design scheme and practice of Nine Temples, which was recorded in history. This process was recorded in detail by Xia Yan, a courtier, which not only helps to deepen the understanding of the evolution of the ancestral temple in Beijing, but also helps to understand the operation mode of ancient architectural projects in China and the role of architects.

Ming jiajing dynasty Beijing ancestral temple

The whole process of reconstruction planning scheme generation

Li weiwen

After Zhu Houzong (hereinafter referred to as Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty) ascended the pole, a series of national sacrificial rites reforms were launched, and the altar and temple facilities in Beijing were completely transformed. After Zuo Shunmen’s incident, the results of the big ceremony for his biological father (Xing Xian Di) God gradually stabilized, but Ming Shizong was always unwilling that the ancestral temple (Figure 1) failed to make a better temple system. The reform of the temple system in the later stage of Shizong in Ming Dynasty can be regarded as the continuation of the great ceremony in depth.

Figure 1 The plane state of Beijing ancestral temple in 1942.

The controversy over the ritual system is not the only obstacle for Ming Shizong to practice his personal temple system. On the specific renovation planning of the ancestral temple complex, Ming Shizong also felt a considerable obstacle, that is, as he said, "it is difficult to make the temple system more correct." In order to change the temple system, Ming Shizong launched a far-reaching action. The final result of this action was the completion of the Jiumiao complex at the end of the 15th year of Jiajing (1536) and the implementation of the new memorial ceremony. Until the 20th year of Jiajing (1541), the pattern of Jiumiao was destroyed by fire, which constituted a short and compact chapter in the history of Beijing ancestral temple (Figure 2). Yan Kai has basically combed this process in his thesis "Research on the Architecture of Beijing Ancestral Temple". However, the transformation of the ancestral temple from the original regulation of different rooms in the same room to the pattern of different halls in the same palace did not happen overnight, but it went through repeated planning and many scheme adjustments for quite a period of time. The gradual deepening of this series of architectural schemes was recorded in detail in the script of the participants such as Xia Yan, the assistant minister. Through these historical records, this paper attempts to restore the formation process of the planning and design scheme of the nine temples in Jiajing, Ming Dynasty, and to get a glimpse of the decision-making operation in the planning and design of national architecture in Ming Dynasty.

Fig. 2 Restoration performance diagram of Jiajing ancestral temple reconstruction design

Determination of planning conditions and Zhao Shanming’s scheme

As early as a few years before Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty really started to promote the reconstruction of the ancestral temple, he had revealed his plan to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall on many occasions. One of the earliest times was a duet recorded by Li Shi in his "South City Calling Couples". Li Shi didn’t record the specific time of the dialogue, but according to Xia Yan’s record of the same performance in his book "Taking into account the ancient and modern temple system, begging for clarity and breaking the sparse", it can be known that it happened in November of Jiajing Decade (1531). In this dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty raised the concern that "the ceremony of worshipping a hundred gods in the suburbs is correct, but the ceremony of the ancestral temple is not perfect", and cited the story of Ming Taizu’s establishment of the four-parent temple, advocating the transformation of the ancestral temple into the form of a palace. However, the attitude of several ministers is very cautious. On behalf of several ministers, Li Shi first expressed the attitude that "the ceremony of nine temples is impossible". This attitude is not only considered from the perspective of etiquette, but also involves the time and physical strength required for the emperor to worship the nine temples. However, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty did not elaborate or defend the connotation of the ritual system of the Nine Temples, but directly made a statement on his idea of transforming the ancestral temple: "I want to stay in the main hall. It is said: it is good not to move the hall. When I was a minister, I said, Don’t you move the bedroom? Above, they said, "None of the three halls will move.".

Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty explained the basic planning conditions for the reconstruction of the ancestral temple to his closest officials, which actually explained the overall scale of the project and the disturbance degree to the main building of the existing ancestral temple. By determining the first principle that the three halls of the ancestral temple should not be demolished and rebuilt, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty hoped to dispel his officials’ doubts about the nature of the project and gain their support. In the dialogue, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty denied Xia Yan’s solution of temporary structures, and determined the permanent architectural nature of the project. By promising the planning principle of "don’t have to fit the ancient" and "don’t move the main hall, only use two temples ….. only have its meaning", the upper limit of the total project is explained, which dispels the exaggerated imagination and worry of the liegeman about the concept of "all palaces and separate halls". As a result, Xia Yan and others’ attitudes were obviously eased. "At first, I saw the sacred worry … the three halls did not move, and things were easy." A design team began to form.

Nevertheless, the Dugong Biedian is still a vague concept of etiquette, leaving a lot of room for specific architectural forms. The so-called Nine Temples can be nine groups of buildings with similar scale (such as the Nine Temples of Wangmang) or a complex with clear priorities, and the ritual connotations of these possibilities are different. After this performance, Xia Yan put forward two obstacles for the ministers to make the plan of the Nine Temples. First, the ancient ceremony required Zhao Muqun Temple to be in the south of the ancestral temple, but the land south of the ancestral temple was not plentiful: "If the temple of three Zhao and three Mu was in front of the ancestral temple according to the ancient system, it would be very far from the south of the imperial palace to the Chengtianmen wall. Even if you do your best to build a group of temples, you will be afraid of the situation. " Secondly, the scale of Zhaomu temples in ancient rituals is imitated as ancestral temples or only slightly increased or decreased. If such a design is adopted, the shortage of land will be aggravated. However, if the scale is reduced to the extent that the existing land can be accommodated, it is not appropriate in the ritual system: "The ancients had seven temples and nine temples, and the system was the same. The structure of the ancestral temple is extremely grand and strong, and the temples in the group are humble, so I am afraid it is not called the residence of the nine temples before my death. " The solution of these two contradictions runs through the whole project planning.

In the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Zhao Shanming, an experienced officer of the Chinese army, introduced the reconstruction scheme of the ancestral temple (numbered scheme I in this article), and Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the auxiliary ministers to evaluate the scheme. On March 12th of that year, Xia Yan refuted Zhao Shanming’s visit to the temple in his book Refuting the Experience of Zhao Shanming’s Temple, directly questioning Zhao Shanming’s "lack of etiquette". Surveying and mapping the ancestral temple without permission, "measuring refers to painting" and "things are good at drawing". However, since Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ordered Xia Yan and others to evaluate Zhao Shanming’s proposal, it shows that he is interested in the proposal and at least agrees with some of its ideas. Therefore, Zhao Shanming’s plan can be regarded as the first conceptual plan for the transformation of the ancestral temple.

Zhao Shanming first emphasized in his recitation that his plan followed the planning principle defined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and that "the ancestral temple, the second bedroom temple and the Golden Gate were all untouched". The main points of its plan are as follows:

Expand the whole land of the ancestral temple and push out the existing ancestral temple wall to the four sides. The east wall of the expanded ancestral temple is close to the west wall of the World Temple, leaving five feet between them, and the existing river channel between the ancestral temple and the World Temple is changed into a culvert; The north wall is in line with the north wall of the World Temple; The western wall reaches the corridor along the front line of the end gate and the noon gate, leaving five feet behind; The south wall reaches the imperial city wall on the east side of Chengtianmen, leaving five feet with it. The five-foot gap left in the above three directions will form a "U"-shaped carriageway. The expanded land for the ancestral temple completely occupies the area east of Liuke Gallery, south of Tongzi River and west of the World Temple, which will basically occupy the existing pine and Berlin.

Due to the external expansion of the walls of the ancestral temple, the main courtyard of the ancestral temple will be independent from the center of the land. Taizong Temple and Sanzhao Temple are arranged on its east side, and Sanmu Temple is arranged on its west side, with a total of seven groups of buildings. Zhao Shanming demarcated each group of construction land as 30 feet deep and 28 feet wide, and reserved tunnels in between. According to its own calculation, except for Taizong Temple, Sanzhao and Sanmu are arranged from the new south wall of Taizong Temple to the north, with a total depth of 95.4 zhangs, and its land use is the same as the southern edge of the pedestal of Taizong Temple. The World Temple maintains the status quo (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 The idealization of Scheme I refuted in Xia Yan’s recitation on March 12th, 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Recital.

Left: there are both ancestral temples; Right: Planning the ancestral temple

It should be noted that Zhao Shanming’s reconnaissance and design work are all his personal behaviors, and his grasp of the overall scale of the ancestral temple is quite biased. If, according to the real scale of the ancestral temple area, the wall branch is expanded as planned, the central building complex of the ancestral temple will not be in the middle of the area, but will be slightly west. It is also difficult to realize the scale of the group temples designed by Zhao Shanming. Once arranged, it will completely fill the space on both sides of the ancestral temple, especially on the narrow west side. If a group of temples are arranged with a width of 28 feet, it will not meet the 5-foot-wide imperial road in the temple street gate reserved in Zhao Shanming’s plan. Therefore, the performance in Figure 3 of this paper has made some adjustments to the scale of the group temples, and the size of the group temples in the figure is slightly smaller than the data given by Zhao Shanming to reflect the original intention of the scheme.

In addition, Zhao Shanming’s plan also involves a number of environmental adjustments, including using the existing rocks in the pine forest of Taimiao, "after moving to the World Temple, fill the river and fill it up, and grow more pines and cypresses to protect the Xuanwu side"; Plant more flowers and trees in front of the ancestral temple. With regard to the material raising for the project implementation, the scheme even puts forward the idea of designing the large wooden structure in advance and sending it to the southern provinces to deliver the large wooden components to Beijing after production, which is quite imaginative. However, all these proposals were refuted by Xia Yan. Xia Yan only affirmed Zhao Shanming’s proposal that Taizong and Shimin temples should not enter Zhaomu and remain immortal out of his observation of the original intention of Ming Shizong’s ritual painting.

Looking at Zhao Shanming’s plan, its overall idea basically meets the planning conditions proposed by Ming Shizong, but its planned area for Zhaomu Temple is too large, and the existing trees are cut down too much, which does not reflect the original intention of Ming Shizong to accommodate new buildings only in two spaces. In addition, its scheme only affirmed the immovable status of the World Temple from the ritual system, but did not give an architectural solution, which could not satisfy the selfishness that Ming Shizong did not point out, which was an important weakness of the scheme.

The deepening of Zhao Shanming’s plan and the plan of Jiumiao Dugong

After Xia Yan’s criticism, Zhao Shanming’s plan was also rejected by Ming Shizong. But soon, on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532), Xia Yan went to the book "Rules and Regulations on Building a Ancestral Temple in Jincheng" and introduced two improvement schemes with several courtiers and internal supervisors, which showed that Zhao Shanming’s proposal really extended the discussion on the temple system for some time.

Xia Yan mentioned in this lecture that after the personnel who participated in the engineering design made a reconnaissance of the ancestral temple, a plan for expanding the outer wall of the ancestral temple in three directions (scheme II in this paper) was briefly put forward. In fact, this plan is very close to the idea of Zhao Shanming’s plan, that is, expanding the land for the ancestral temple to accommodate the group of temples, but the scale of this expansion is far smaller than that of Zhao Shanming’s plan, and it is still basically controlled outside the two temples of the existing ancestral temple (Figure 4). The biggest adjustment of Zhao Shanming’s scheme in Scheme II is to give up the idea of trying to strictly control the land of Zhaomu Temple in the south of the existing ancestral temple according to ancient rites, thus greatly alleviating the land shortage on the south side of the ancestral temple in Zhao Shanming’s scheme. The scale and arrangement of the group temples were not mentioned in the recital, but we can see that the total depth of each group temple in the east and west still exceeds the existing ancestral temple land, and the purpose of expanding the south wall is to form a new capital palace to match the total depth of the group temples. However, it is not stated in the recitation whether the Taizong Temple, the ancestral hall of Wenzu, is also included in the scope of the capital palace.

Fig. 4 Scheme II mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is recorded in the notes that this design has undergone a new adjustment, forming another scheme (scheme ⅲ in this paper), that is, the east-west wall remains completely intact, and only the width of two gaps is used to accommodate the Zhaomu Temple; The south wall is still spreading to the south, but to a lesser extent: "There is no need to spread the east and west walls, but only 14 feet and 4 feet in the wall divided by 20 feet and 9 feet as the royal road, 11 feet and 5 feet as the width of the temple, and 22 feet and 5 feet as the depth of the temple … The temple gate wall only spreads to the south by 80 feet and 8 feet".

In this scheme, each group of Zhaomu temples is arranged vertically, and two royal roads connecting the temples run through from the inside, forming a ∩-shaped passage with the tunnel between the back wall and the back wall of the temple. According to the design of 8.8-foot south extension of the south wall of Taimiao in this plan, Taizong Temple has been clearly incorporated into Dugong at this time: expanding the south wall by 8.8-foot on the basis of the total depth of 81.2-foot of Taimiao will form a Dugong with a depth of 90-foot, and the hatchback can just accommodate four temples adjacent to the north and south with a depth of 22.5-foot (Figure 5). The planning of Jiumiao Dugong was thus formed.

Fig. 5 Scheme III mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the second day of April in the 11th year of Jiajing (1532) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

This plan has not involved the architectural design of each temple in detail, but only mentioned that "each temple will only build a main hall with five rooms" and there is no sleeping hall. It shows that the officials who participated in the design at this time have fully understood the instruction of Ming Shizong about the design of group temples, and no longer pursue the perfection of regulation and the far-reaching scale. At this point, the feasible factors in Zhao Shanming’s scheme have been basically extracted, while his exaggerated assumption on the scale of land use has been abandoned. However, for this deepening plan, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty only approved "Stop", and the reconstruction of the ancestral temple was put on hold for some time. Perhaps this is still due to the controversy over the connotation of the ritual system.

On September 8th, 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan and others were ordered to visit the ancestral temple again, and a new round of design began. The origin of this design was the disaster of the ancestral temple in Nanjing, which was interpreted by Xia Yan and others as the auspicious feeling that ancestors expected the new temple system, which made Ming Shizong make up his mind. Xia Yan quoted the architectural design scheme of a group of temples personally put forward by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty in his Regulation of Seven Temples at the Order, that is, "the system does not need to go far from the front and back temples, that is, the front hall has five rooms, the tiger seat is backward, and three rooms are connected to the dormitory from Zhangyu, which is also righteous." The reason why Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty took the lead in guiding the design of the buildings of the ancestral temples when the overall pattern of the renovation was not yet determined was that on the one hand, he insisted that the regulations of the temples still needed to be complete, denying the simple design of each temple with only one main hall, on the other hand, he restricted the occupation scale of the newly-built temples, further reducing the impact on the existing pattern of the ancestral temples.

Fig. 6 Scheme IV mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

According to Xia Yan’s recitation, "It was originally planned that the regulations of the temples would reach the south wall of the ancestral temple, then the east and west temple walls would go out before the Jimen Gate of the ancestral temple, and there would be obstacles in the kitchen of the Shenku". It can be seen that there was still an intermediate scheme (scheme IV in this article) between the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532) and this new discussion in the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534). In this scheme with unknown formulation time, the south wall of Taimiao does not expand to the south, indicating that the total size of the temples has been reduced again. However, the land for Zhaomuqun Temple will still stand out from the south of Jimen Line, "reaching the south wall of Taimiao". The design of the extended hatchback, such as schemes III and IV, will lead to the narrowing of the square between the Jimen Gate and the Liulimen Gate of the Imperial Temple, and at the same time, it is necessary to move the Shenku Shenchu and Jingting (Figure 6). These problems may be the reason why Ming Shizong personally restricted the scale of the main buildings of various temples in September, 13th year of Jiajing (1534). Under the new guidance, the area occupied by the temples in the group can continue to shrink, and the southernmost part "merges with the side door of the ancestral temple gate, and the straight north back wall merges with the ancestral temple temple", and a new scheme of "solemn potential" (scheme V in this paper) can be formed. From then on, all the designs that caused the uneven parts of the land or the need to move the wall were put an end to.

Fig. 7 Plan V mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of September in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

The plane pattern logic of scheme V is completely the same as that of the later implementation. Compared with the above-mentioned schemes, the difference between them and schemes I, II and III is that the four external walls are not expanded; The difference with Scheme IV is that the inner wall does not move, while the new wall strictly follows the extension line of the existing frame. In the new scheme, the scale of each temple group is equal, the depth is 16.15 feet, and the total depth of the temples group is 64.6 feet. This value is completely consistent with the distance between the existing halberd gate and the back wall of the temple (that is, the total depth of the two gaps is 67.5 zhangs minus the width of the tunnel behind the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple of the temple Scheme V was finally approved by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and the reconstruction project of Taimiao entered the preparatory stage of the project. It is expected to start in the spring of the 14th year of Jiajing (1535). At this point, all the intentions of the Ming Shizong to transform the ancestral temple into a palace hall have been implemented in the planning, but another important intention of the Ming Shizong to initiate the temple system reform, that is, the relocation of the temple, has not been reflected in the above design process.

Moving in and Design of the World Temple

According to the Regulation of the World Temple on the 8th day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535) included in Gui Zhou Memorial, it seems that the idea of the moving in and specific regulation of the World Temple in Ming Shizong started a little late, more like a parallel project with the transformation of the Imperial Temple Palace. Some studies believe that in the design of the Imperial Palace of Taimiao, there are four groups of buildings, namely ShiShi Temple and Sanzhao Temple, on the left, while Sanmu Temple is on the right. The land opposite to ShiShi Temple may be the location reserved by Shizong in Ming Dynasty for Ruizong. But in fact, in the paintings of the ancestral temple of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty, the temple was always the capital palace for itself. At this stage, there was no attempt to merge the God of Ruizong into the capital palace of Taimiao. In terms of etiquette, even after the reign of Emperor Ruizong in the 17th year of Jiajing (1538), there was at most a dispute with the ranking of Wu Zong, and there was no reason to directly override the three Mu. From the architectural point of view, the existing temple at that time occupied a large area, and its main building was regulated according to the Wenhua Temple ("In the east of the brick city, within the imperial city, the south city is as far north as possible or a temple is set up in the east. The porch of the bedroom door behind the front hall is like the Wenhua Hall "), which is much larger than the planned Zhaomu Temple in the Imperial Palace and the planned Wenzu World Room. If we must move into the extremely cramped space of the Imperial Temple Palace, it will inevitably lead to a situation that the regulation of the new world temple is not as good as that of the existing one, which is absolutely unacceptable to Ming Shizong. Therefore, the hypothesis that the virtual master treats the Rui Sect is debatable.

The early planning of the New World Temple is not recorded in the literature. By the time Xia Yan published "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535), the design of the World Temple had actually begun. According to the imperial edict of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, "The World Temple proposed by Qing et al. yesterday was regulated in the east of Taimiao, and trees could not be moved", indicating that the World Temple was originally located on the land adjacent to the east side of Taimiao Dugong. For the sake of cutting down trees as little as possible, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty finally chose Xinshi Temple as "a wide place in the southeast of the ancestral temple … which stops at Shenshen Road in the north and reaches the east wall of Chengtianmen in the south, with a total length of 63 feet and 3 feet". However, the Xinshi Temple is not adjacent to the Great Wall of the Imperial City, but only occupies the northern part of the land: "The depth of the north and south … is 35 feet and 9 inches, and the width of the temple street in the south is 27 feet and 4 feet". In this way, the Xinshi Temple is actually embedded in the gap between the Imperial Palace and the east channel of the Imperial Temple, and its overall pattern is not plentiful (Figure 8). In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543), the Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire. After a site survey, Yan Song made a more detailed description of the site selection pattern of the surviving Xinshi Temple (then known as Ruimiao Temple), saying that "another waist wall outside the east wall of Ruimiao Temple is near the deep ditch. This ditch is the way for the inner imperial city to pass water … It is found that the base of the old temple is more than 63 feet across, and now the ground is added to the ditch in the east wall, which stops at 19 feet. " It is conceivable that the New World Temple, which is only 19 feet wide, is arranged in this gap, and its width is 17 feet wide.

Fig. 8 The site selection data of the World Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on the eighth day of February in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535).

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

It is further pointed out in "Rules and Regulations on the Temple of the World" that the original design of the Temple of the World was "nine front halls, seven rear bedrooms … seven in front of them … seven in back … five in back … five in halberds … and its rules and regulations are almost the same as those of the ancestral temple. Considering the narrow scale of the land used for the New World Temple, this design may mean a particularly compact opening rhythm (this compact opening rhythm to ensure the number of rooms can be seen in the Jingdechong Temple, the imperial temple in Beijing, which was also created for the ritual system of Jiajing Dynasty). Why this design was finally abandoned has not been mentioned in the literature.

The regulation of the architecture of Xinshi Temple was finally determined as seven front halls, five rear bedrooms, five front two bedrooms, three rear two bedrooms and five halberds. The specific scale of each single building is attached with pictures, but unfortunately it has not been handed down from generation to generation. After that, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty said that "the height of the temple should be adjusted from now on, and the rest should be adjusted according to the plan", which seems to have been adjusted in detail. Only the follow-up information has not been published in the literature.

Strengthening the regulation of Taizong temple and the architectural design of each temple

Before the actual construction of Jiumiao Dugong, its design underwent another adjustment, the main purpose of which was to increase the temple regulation of Taizong Temple and make it different from Zhaomu Temple. In Reconsidering the Rules and Regulations of Seven Temples in the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Xia Yan introduced a fine-tuning scheme, trying to heighten the Taizong Temple without changing the established graphic design of the scheme. Generally speaking, there are many ways to improve the design height of a temple, and the height can be found on the abutment, column height, paving layer and roof elevation. However, the lifting height of the large wooden structure is generally limited by the depth ratio of the temple, and it is impossible to increase it arbitrarily. In the graphic design scheme of Taizong Temple, which covers the same area as Zhaomu Temple, "because the base site is the same, it is difficult to worship Dongyu". In this fine-tuning scheme, the front hall and the sleeping hall of Taizong Temple are barely one foot, four inches, five minutes and five inches higher than those of the group temples. This symbolic increase is difficult to observe with the naked eye in the Jiumiao complex with high building density.

Fig. 9 Scheme VI mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) in Gui Zhou Memorial.

Left: Existing land; Right: Planned land use

Therefore, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty immediately requested that "the imperial ancestor Taizong’s family room should be added again". Therefore, Xia Yan and others decided to adjust the plane pattern of Jiumiao building complex again, expand the scale of Taizong Temple, reduce the depth of the temple group from 16.15 feet in the plan to 16 feet, and merge the vacated space into the land for Taizong Temple, so that the depth of Taizong Temple reached 16.6 feet, providing space for the worship of the temple. After the above adjustments, this version of the floor plan (numbered scheme ⅵ in this paper) was finally determined as the implementation scheme of Jiumiao Dugong (Figure 9).

After this adjustment, the temple regulation of Taizong Temple was finally able to distance itself from Zhaomu Temple. The increasing degree of the design data of the single hall of Taizong Temple mentioned in the recitation can also reverse the design scale of the group temple buildings, which is summarized in Table 1:

Table 1 The design data of Taizong Temple mentioned in Xia Yan’s recitation on October 23rd, 13th year of Jiajing (1534) and the design data of each group of temples deduced from it.

palace hall

Wide face (Zhang)

Depth (Zhang)

Tonggao (Zhang)

Taizong temple front hall

7.759

4.009

5.495

Qunmiao qiandian

7.59

3.759

5.05

Taizong temple sleeping hall

6.009

2.395

3.575

Qunmiao rest hall

5.84

2.259

3.375

Through site adjustment, the height of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 0.445 m higher than that of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 m, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is 0.345 m.. The height of the sleeping hall of the world room is 0.2 zhangs higher than that of the sleeping hall of Zhaomuqun Temple, and the height added on the abutment is 0.1 zhangs, which shows that the height added on the wooden structure or tile is also 0.1 zhangs.

With the actual progress of the reconstruction project, Xia Yan further detailed the dimensions of the Ming rooms in front of each temple in his "Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple" on the third day of August in the 14th year of Jiajing (1534). These data are helpful to further restore the architectural design in the new temple system (Figure 10).

Fig. 10 Scale summary diagram of newly-built temples and courtyards in Gui Zhou Memorial and its pattern restoration hypothesis.

According to the architectural pattern design of the temples put forward by Ming Shizong in September of the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), "There are five front halls, with the tiger seats backward, and three bedrooms are connected after the zhangs". It is speculated that in the final implementation plan of the transformation of the ancestral temple, both the ancestral temple and the Zhaomuqun temple are only the front halls and the rear bedrooms, and there are no two guards and halberds. As for the tiger-seat eaves behind the front hall, it is a common practice in temples and ritual buildings in the Ming Dynasty, and it should be as wide as the Ming Dynasty, but its exact depth has not been recorded in the literature. In Figure 10, the images are expressed by dotted lines. The scale of the World Temple is longer than that of other newly-built temples to accommodate the Jimen and the two temples, and its overall pattern is similar to that of the main courtyard of the Imperial Temple. The width and height of the front and rear halls of the World Temple are not recorded in Gui Zhou Recital, but it can be seen from the Sketch of the Regulation of Objects in Jincheng Ancestral Temple that the scale and depth of the Ming Dynasty (the "depth of the Ming Dynasty" recorded in this sketch is actually the total depth of the building) are obviously larger than those of Taizong Temple and Zhaomu Temple.

With regard to the architectural design of the temples and bedrooms, except for the World Temple, given that the front halls of each group of temples are five rooms wide, according to the common practice of temples in the Ming Dynasty, if the other rooms have equal spans, the dimensions of other rooms of these buildings can be calculated from the Ming Dynasty. With reference to the architectural examples of the Ming Dynasty and the existing buildings of the ancestral temple, on the premise that the existing single building of the ancestral temple complex has a saving distance of no more than 11 doukou, assuming that the saving distance of the newly-built temples is 11 doukou, it can be further inferred that the materials used are as shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Speculation on the Ming scale and timber scale of newly-built temples

build

bay

Width (feet)

Presumptive saving equivalent number

Calculate the saving distance (feet)

Estimated bucket mouth value (inch)

Estimated design bucket mouth value (inch)

Taizong temple front hall

Mingjian

23.59

seven

3.37

3.064

three

Other rooms

13.5 (Extrapolation)

four

3.375

3.068

Qunmiao qiandian

Mingjian

22.9

seven

3.271

2.974

three

Other rooms

13.25 (calculation)

four

3.3125

3.011

Shimiaoqiandian

Mingjian

25

seven

3.571

3.247

3.25

The regulation of sleeping halls in newly-built temples is rarely recorded in the literature, and there is no data on the scale of Ming Dynasty. However, considering the design rules of the building complex, its materials should be the same as the corresponding front hall. At present, each single building on the central axis of the ancestral temple is 4 inches, and the newly built temples adopt smaller buckets, which is also consistent with the intention of "respecting the ancestors" in Jiumiao Dugong. The width and depth of each hall are all zero, especially ending with nine points and nine inches. In addition to the auspicious factors, it is likely to include the consideration of the side feet of eaves columns in order to obtain a more complete size in the paving layer and roof.

Fig. 11 Presumption on the standing of the front and back temples of Jiajing Taizong Temple (World Room)

The literature does not specify the height of each temple abutment and the roof shape, and this paper does not focus on restoring the single building shape of each temple. Generally speaking, judging from the ratio of the height to the depth, the front hall of Taizong Temple and the front halls of all temples should be double eaves, otherwise the roof height or abutment height will be too high. In the Ming Dynasty, the proportion of halls and halls was wide and flat, and in extreme cases, the height of eaves and columns could only reach about 60% of the width of rooms and halls. Assuming the front hall of the Temple of Etai, the eaves column is about 14.16 feet high, and the height of the golden column is about 26.9 feet if calculated by 1.9 times the eaves column. Assuming that the depth of the front hall of Taizong Temple is 4.009 feet, the depth of the secondary steps accounts for two distances before and after, and the upper eaves are paved with seven steps and a single elevation, the depth of the upper eaves is about 2.673 feet. According to the roof height of 3: 1 and the abutment height of 6 feet, a draft design of side vertical sample can be obtained (Figure 11). Considering the height of the ridge tiles of the temple, the height of the temple can basically be consistent with the ruler contained in the literature, and the proportion is reasonable.

On the national etiquette system from the perspective of the nine temples project

Decision-making and planning principles of buildings

The design process of Jiajing’s renovation of ancestral temple revealed some renovation principles of large-scale buildings such as national altar temple in Ming Dynasty. The graphic design of national large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty followed a series of laws of scale and proportion, which was discussed in detail by Mr. Fu Xinian in the article "Characteristics of Master Planning Techniques of Beijing Palace Temple and other large-scale buildings in Ming Dynasty". On this basis, the Research on Architectural Design of Beijing Imperial Temple further points out that the two walls inside and outside the main body of the Imperial Temple, and the walls and individual building scales all cooperate with each other, such as the width of the outer wall is equal to the depth of the inner wall, and so on.

However, this carefully constructed plane pattern was once challenged unprecedentedly when Jiajing rebuilt Jiumiao Temple. A series of preliminary process schemes sorted out in the above article have interfered with the original pattern of the ancestral temple complex to varying degrees. The author speculates that in Jiajing period, the design data of Yongle Zhaozao ancestral temple and Hongzhi Zengjian temple may have been missing, and some precise intentions in the initial graphic design are no longer known. The opportunities for ministers and workers to actually contact the ancestral temple space are extremely limited, and it is even more difficult to understand the proportion and modulus contained in its plane pattern. Interestingly, the subsequent design deepening process of Jiumiao complex happened to be a process of gradually returning to Yongle-Hongzhi plane planning. In the early planning, the disturbance to the original plane was gradually reduced and neutralized, and finally, the principle of design under the original plane framework was completely established. As for the reasons behind this process, on the one hand, it is the guidance of the planning principle of "minimum intervention in plane" determined by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, on the other hand, it may also be that the officials and ministers gradually realized the intention of the original plane design of Yongle-Hongzhi in the round of deepening the plan. Judging from the fact that the gate wall of the Temple of God, which was built in the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), still follows this plane frame, the original design intention of the ancestral temple complex should have been clearly understood by the monarch and his ministers at that time.

With the help of the above planning and design, we can also get a glimpse of the decision-making process of the transformation of a group of buildings located at the top of the national etiquette system in Ming Dynasty. In this process, it is particularly noteworthy that the emperor’s auxiliary ministers participated in the planning. It is generally believed that the design process of large-scale official construction projects in the history of ancient architecture in China is significantly different from that in the West. In the west, architects with independent professional status often intervene in official or royal projects by participating in bidding and accepting entrustment. The deepening, promotion and adjustment of the design scheme form a complete cycle of creation, cooperation and game, which is closer to the mode of contract signing by Party A and Party B in contemporary construction projects. In ancient China, however, the role of national engineering architect was much more vague. On the one hand, it was undertaken by the emperor himself as the project decision maker, on the other hand, it was undertaken by the craftsmen and wood factories as structural engineers and builders, and there seemed to be a lack of a docking layer between them. However, by observing the design process of Jiumiao architectural complex in Jiajing period, it can be found that the auxiliary ministers around the emperor played an important role in the decision-making of specific engineering projects, although they did not necessarily have a civil knowledge background. On the one hand, they had the opportunity to listen to the emperor’s instructions on the project planning principles and put forward their opinions. On the other hand, their direct reconnaissance of the project site also formed the basis for further design work. Before the specific project is truly assembled, there may be many schemes put forward by them for discussion and deepening. These steps make up for the "design" gap between planning and construction; The construction engineering literacy of the auxiliary ministers constitutes the "group role" of the ancient architects in China.The important attribute of "X" is worthy of further analysis in future research.

Residual theory

Scholars such as Mr. Fu Xinian and Yan Kai have found that the graphic design of the ancestral temple in Beijing adopts a square grid of 50 feet as the basic module, and tried to restore the original design scale of the ancestral temple through modern surveying and mapping data. However, all kinds of scale data in the design process of the reconstruction of the ancestral temple mentioned in Xia Yan and others’ notes can undoubtedly push this exploration forward.

If we compare the scales in documents related to Jiajing’s transformation of ancestral temple with those restored by Fu Xinian and Yan Kai (Table 3), we will find that the scale data obtained from reconnaissance in historical documents do not completely correspond to the modulus of five feet, and are often not integer feet. On the one hand, it shows that there may be differences between ancient surveying and mapping accuracy and design accuracy, on the other hand, it also shows that plane modulus is not the only design principle of large-scale buildings. The engineering and cognitive factors behind this need to be further explored.

Table 3 Comparison of document scale, measured reduction scale and design reduction scale of Taimiao building complex

Documents and Calculation Scale in Jiajing Period (Zhang)

Modern measured scale (Zhang)

Design reduction scale (Zhang)

The wall goes deep from north to south.

81.2

85.3

eighty-five

The interior wall goes deep from north to south.

64.6

65.22

65

East-west width of big wall

63~64

65

65

East-west width of interior wall

34.2~35.2

36

36

Width of tunnel behind the temple

2.9

2.5

Jimen Square goes deep.

13.7

17.5

Compartment width

14.4

14.5

14.5

Most of the literature data are in good agreement with the measured reduction data, and the measured reduction scale is generally slightly larger than the literature scale. Considering that the modern surveying and mapping data and square modulus analysis adopted by Mr. Fu Xinian are based on the wall skin, these deviations may mean that the surveying and mapping data in the Ming Dynasty literature are based on the wall centerline. The difference of the above data is generally within the control range of the project, except for the item of the depth of the great wall of Taimiao complex from north to south, there is a significant difference of about 3.8 zhangs between the document scale and the actual scale, and this difference is caused by the difference of the depth of Jimen Square. This shows that at some point since the transformation of the ancestral temple in Jiajing period, the southern wall of the ancestral temple has indeed been expanded to the south. When did this expansion happen? Was it when the ancestral temple was rebuilt in the 22nd year of Jiajing (1543) or when the river bridge in front of Jimen Gate was expanded in the 28th year of Qing Qianlong (1763)? If the south wall of the existing ancestral temple is retracted 3.8 feet to the north, the geometric center of the formed large wall will fall on the front eaves of the enjoyment hall. Is this the original design intention when the ancestral temple was founded in Yongle period? These are still problems to be solved.

In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), the episode of Nine Temples finally ended. The ancestral temple complex was restored to the old system, and Ruizong was able to build a temple. This construction history, which is full of subtle considerations of etiquette and personal sustenance, has hardly left any trace in the current ancestral temple, but its meticulous and detailed design process has enabled us to re-understand the operation mode of China’s ancient national project.

Ming Shizong’s idea of changing the temple system has gone through five years from concept to realization. The new temple system is not the arbitrary result of the king, but a mature operation from determining the planning principle, evaluating the conceptual scheme, organizing on-site reconnaissance, submitting the formal design, deepening the comparison and selection, and several rounds of adjustment until the final construction. The design data left in this process has promoted our understanding of the architectural evolution of Beijing ancestral temple. However, the in-depth participation of officials such as Xia Yan shows their architectural engineering accomplishment, which fills the gap in the traditional cognition that there is no architect in ancient architectural design in China.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Weiwen, postdoctoral fellow, doctor of the Palace Museum. His research interests are Beijing urban history and architectural history of Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

WeChat official account’s pictures and texts have been abridged. Please refer to Journal of Architectural History, No.3, 2021 for a complete reading. All rights reserved, please indicate the source. The standard citation format of this article is as follows, please refer to it:

Li Weiwen. The whole process of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty [J]. Journal of Architectural History, 2021,2 (3): 30-38.

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Original title: "Academic Scholar Li Weiwen: The whole story of the reconstruction plan of Beijing ancestral temple in Ming Jiajing Dynasty"

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　　The United States has again "black hand"

　　According to the reference news quoted by the US media, the US government decided on September 13 to substantially increase the import tariffs on China products, including a 100% tariff on electric vehicles.A 50% tariff will be imposed on China.Import tariffs will be increased by 50%.

　　The latest action of the United States has aroused complaints from many industries in the United States, saying that the price increase will disrupt the supply chain, including the supply chain of intensive products. One study after another shows that Americans bear almost all the costs of imposing tariffs on China products. Once importers pay the tariffs, they usually pass some or all of the costs on to consumers. Jason oxman, president of the Information Technology Industry Association of the United States, said, "Since its implementation, tariffs have caused cumulative losses to American enterprises and consumers of $221 billion. With today’s announcement, the Office of the US Trade Representative once again relies on blunt and ineffective tariff tools, and its effectiveness has no support. "

　　Recently, He Yongqian, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Commerce, said that the US 301 tariff on China was unpopular and urged the US to immediately cancel all tariffs on China.

　　The United States substantially raised tariffs on China products.

　　According to the reference news quoted on the website of VOA Radio on September 13th, the US government decided on the 13th to substantially raise the import tariffs on China products, including the tariff on electric vehicles by 100%, in order to strengthen the protection of strategic industries in the United States.

　　A press release from the Office of the United States Trade Representative says that some tariffs will take effect on September 27th. In addition to imposing a 100% tariff on electric vehicles in China, the United States will also impose a 50% tariff on China.25% tariff will be imposed on aluminum, electric vehicles and key minerals.

　　At the same time, the United States will increase China’s import tariff by 50%, and this new tax rate will take effect in January 2025. In the category of semiconductor, two categories of polysilicon and silicon wafer used in battery panels have been added.

　　He Yong, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Commerce, said on September 5th that the office of the US Trade Representative had solicited public comments on the results of the tariff review, and most of them opposed to increasing tariffs or applying for expanding the scope of tariff exemption, which showed that the US tariff 301 on China was unpopular and urged the US to immediately cancel all tariff increases on China.

　　He Yongqian said, "China has repeatedly made solemn representations to the US on the issue of tariff 301. The WTO has already ruled that tariff 301 violates WTO rules, and it is a mistake for the US to increase tariffs on China. We urge the US to correct its wrong practices, actively respond to voices from all walks of life and immediately cancel all tariffs on China. "

　　Earlier in May, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce made a statement on the results of the four-year review of the US tariff on China. On May 14, the US released the results of the four-year review of China’s tariff on China, announcing that it was based on the original tariff on China. Further improve the import of electric vehicles from China,Tariffs are imposed on photovoltaic cells, key minerals, semiconductors, steel and aluminum, port cranes, personal protective equipment and other products. China resolutely opposes and makes solemn representations.

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　　The Ministry of Commerce said that the United States should immediately correct its wrong practices and cancel the tariff increase measures against China. China will take resolute measures to defend its own rights and interests.

　　The EU has also made small moves.

　　On September 12th, a spokesman for the European Commission said that the price commitment solutions submitted by the China Chamber of Commerce for Electromechanical Industry and all electric vehicle manufacturers in the EU’s anti-subsidy case failed to meet the requirements, and the European side intended to reject the relevant price commitment applications.

　　In this regard, on the evening of September 13th, the spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce answered a reporter’s question about the European Commission’s plan to reject the price commitment solution of the EU anti-subsidy case for electric vehicles submitted by the China industry, saying that China has taken note of the relevant statement of the European side. Ignoring the sincerity and efforts of the China industry, the European Commission proposed to reject the flexible solutions proposed by the China industry without in-depth communication. China is deeply disappointed.

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　　On June 22nd, since China and the EU agreed to start the consultation on the countervailing case of electric vehicles in the EU, the working teams of the two sides have conducted more than ten rounds of intensive consultations. China has submitted tens of thousands of pages of facts and evidence to the European side, and also put forward flexible solutions, making great efforts.

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　　China has both the greatest sincerity to properly resolve differences through dialogue and consultation and the greatest determination to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises. China will pay close attention to the follow-up progress of the European side and will take all necessary measures to firmly defend the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises.

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

"Yunnan Province" 14 th Five-Year Plan "for the Innovation and Development of Biomedical Industry has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

March 17, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

In order to accelerate the innovation and development of the biomedical industry, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Yunnan Province and the Outline of Long-term Objectives for the Year 2035, combined with the reality of our province.

I. Development Status and Situation

(A) Development effectiveness

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the provincial party committee and the provincial government conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on his inspection of Yunnan, and on the basis of continuously building eight key industries and world-class "three cards", put forward the strategic deployment of focusing on cultivating five trillion-level pillar industries and eight billion-level advantageous industries and building a modern industrial system. Biomedical industry, as a strategic emerging industry with a focus of 100 billion yuan in our province, has steadily expanded its scale, significantly enhanced its innovation ability, increasingly optimized its policy environment, and continuously improved its economic benefits. Its operating income increased from 124.109 billion yuan in 2015 to 252.145 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 15.23%, and its added value increased from 36.587 billion yuan in 2015 to 73.14 billion yuan in 2020. The average annual growth rate reached 14.86%, the business income and added value doubled, and a research and production system of biotechnological drugs focusing on vaccines was gradually formed, and a whole industrial chain development system of natural drugs (ethnic Chinese medicines) featuring proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products was established.

In 2020, the province’s Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry will realize an operating income of 51.611 billion yuan; The biomedical manufacturing industry realized an operating income of 59.592 billion yuan; The biomedical commerce and trade industry realized an operating income of 140.942 billion yuan. There are 163 pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises above designated size (including 1 enterprise with operating income exceeding 10 billion yuan and 5 enterprises with 1-10 billion yuan). There are 48 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan (including 5 varieties exceeding 1 billion yuan and 4 varieties with 500-1 billion yuan). Up to now, there are 9 biomedical enterprises listed on the main board and growth enterprise market in the province.

1. The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry has made breakthrough development.

In 2020, the province’s biological products manufacturing industry above designated size represented by vaccines achieved an operating income of 5.357 billion yuan, accounting for 15.6% of the operating income of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. There are 13 vaccine varieties on the market, and the operating income of vaccine enterprises has increased from 800 million yuan in 2009 to 4.8 billion yuan in 2020, and the biotechnology drug industry has made breakthrough progress. The inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine independently developed by the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was launched in December 2015, and the annual operating income of a single variety was nearly 2 billion yuan. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine developed by watson biological was launched in July 2017, with an operating income of 688 million yuan in 2020; The first trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in China and the second trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in the world went on the market in April 2020, with an operating income of 1.658 billion yuan in the first year, and the market prospect is considerable. Some traditional pharmaceutical companies and scientific research units have accelerated the layout and development of biotechnological drugs. Suparutide injection, a long-acting hypoglycemic drug developed by Kunyao Group, has obtained clinical approval, and Sino Pharmaceutical has carried out research on new drugs of humanized CD22 antibody immunotoxin 1.1.

2 Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry scale

In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry in our province has become the main force to promote the development of biomedical industry from small to large and from weak to strong. 60 "Hometowns of Yunyao" and 103 "Pharmaceutical Parks" have become the new force to improve the quality and brand of Chinese herbal medicines. In 2020, the main business income of planting (breeding) and product processing of Chinese herbal medicines in the province will exceed 100 billion yuan, among which the processing and manufacturing of Chinese herbal medicines above designated size, such as proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products, will achieve an operating income of about 48 billion yuan, accounting for over 80% of the main business income of biomedical industries above designated size. The planting area of Chinese herbal medicines exceeds 9 million mu, the planting area of 15 varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Panax notoginseng, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Amomum villosum and Radix Aucklandiae, exceeds 100,000 mu, and the standardized planting base of Chinese herbal medicines covers an area of 1.46 million mu, including 22,000 mu of green certification base and 126,000 mu of organic certification base. Sanqi, Erigeron breviscapus industry has formed a whole industrial chain layout of planting, processing, R&D and production, which has played a very prominent role in demonstrating the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in the province. Panax notoginseng industry has achieved standardization and standardized planting, and developed relatively complete back-end products such as decoction pieces, preparations and health products, which has become a big variety second only to ginseng. The planting area of the whole province is about 400,000 mu, and the agricultural output value is about 6 billion yuan. A number of Chinese patent medicines and injections such as Panax notoginseng decoction pieces, Xuesaitong soft capsules, Xuesaitong for injection (freeze-dried powder injection), Xuesaitong tablets, Xuesaitong capsules, Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong injection, etc.

3. The chemical medicine industry has developed steadily.

In 2020, the chemical preparation manufacturing industry and the chemical raw material medicine manufacturing industry above designated size will realize an operating income of 3.52 billion yuan, accounting for 10.2% of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. Initially gathered a number of chemical pharmaceutical enterprises such as Jida Pharmaceutical, Baker Norton, Haobang Pharmaceutical, Sino Pharmaceutical, Longhai Pharmaceutical and Guiyan Pharmaceutical; Longjin Pharmaceutical, Haobang Pharmaceutical and Plant Pharmaceutical cooperated with Indian generic drug companies to actively introduce Indian generic drug varieties to Yunnan; Nine varieties, including amoxicillin capsules, chlorphenamine maleate tablets and ambroxol hydrochloride injection, passed the consistency evaluation of chemical generic drugs.

4. Remarkable achievements have been made in biomedical science and technology innovation.

Driven by scientific and technological innovation, the biomedical industry has gradually embarked on a high-quality development track. Sabin inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, EV71 inactivated enterovirus vaccine, 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and other fist products have been listed one after another, and some varieties are undergoing WHO pre-certification; Covid-19 inactivated pneumonia vaccine, F gene mumps live attenuated vaccine, nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, rotavirus inactivated vaccine and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine are in the clinical research stage, which has provided strong support for the rapid development of the vaccine industry during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Ten innovative drugs, such as KPCXM18, a natural medicine for treating ischemic stroke, Duanjin Jiedu Capsule, a 6-class Chinese medicine, Suparutide injection, and a 1.1-class new drug of bungarus multicinctus venom, were approved by the national drug clinical approval. Winona series products, with authentic Yunnan medicinal materials as the main raw materials, have developed into an important functional skin care brand in China. "Key Technology Creation and Industrial Application of Comprehensive Development of Panax notoginseng" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, "Key Technology and Application of Standardization and Industrial Development of Panax notoginseng" won the first prize of Yunnan Science and Technology Progress Award, and three standards of Panax notoginseng, seeds and seedlings and Gastrodia elata passed the international quality standard certification. Panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine have passed GRAS (generally considered safe) certification recognized by FDA, and entered the catalogue of American botanical medicine raw materials;Tongshu capsule and Xuesaitong soft capsule were approved by FDA to carry out phase II clinical research.

Around the great demand of the development of biomedical industry, a number of R&D service platforms have been built, such as Yunnan Biovaccine Technology Innovation Center, Yunnan Drug Non-clinical Safety Evaluation Research Center, Yunnan Natural Drug Activity Screening and Evaluation Center, Yunnan Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Yunnan Flower Aromatic Health Products R&D Center, and Yunnan Chinese Medicine Seed Breeding R&D Center. By the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, there were 47 provincial key laboratories in the biomedical field, 20 engineering technology research centers, 19 engineering research centers, 10 clinical medical research centers and 4 academicians of the two academies in the province, and 12 provincial science and technology leaders were trained, 54 provincial high-level talents were introduced, 4 high-level innovation and entrepreneurship teams were introduced, 553 provincial young and middle-aged academic and technological leaders and 553 provincial innovative talents were trained.

5. Bio-pharmaceutical industry has achieved initial results by attracting big and strong players.

Yunnan Baiyao Group introduced social capital to complete the mixed reform, and the development of the group entered the fast lane; China Resources Sanjiu acquired Kunming Shenghuo Pharmaceutical, and the company’s operating income increased significantly; Guizhou Bailing invested in Yunnan plant pharmaceutical industry, focusing on characteristic products, optimizing product structure, and implementing large-variety brand strategy. The scale of the enterprise has maintained rapid growth for many years. Well-known enterprises inside and outside the province, such as Sinopharm Group, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group, Tasly Pharmaceutical, Kangenbei Pharmaceutical, Shenwei Pharmaceutical, New Green Pharmaceutical, Beijing Tongying, Fangsheng Pharmaceutical, Jilin Xingshen, Hong Kong Juzhang and Shenzhen Botton, have landed in Yunnan and actively participated in the healthy development of the biomedical industry.

(B) Advantages and shortcomings

1. Location advantage

Yunnan has outstanding geographical advantages. It is adjacent to Guizhou and Guangxi in the east, Sichuan in the north, Tibet in the northwest, and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the west and south. It is an important channel connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and an important intersection of the "Belt and Road" construction and the national development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The biomedical industry has a huge potential market, which can be built on the basis of vaccines and traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine)

2. Resource advantages

Yunnan has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, many types, beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and outstanding biodiversity characteristics. It is known as the "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", "microbial kingdom", "hometown of medicinal materials" and "treasure house of biological genes", and is the province with the richest biological resources, natural medicines and ethnic medicine resources in China. According to the statistics of the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, there are 6,559 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the province, accounting for 51.4% of the total number of kinds in the country, more than 2,000 kinds of ethnic medicine resources and more than 10,000 folk prescriptions.

3. Advantages of industrial base

Notoginseng Radix, Rhizoma Paridis Yunnanensis, Erigeron breviscapus, Dendrobium candidum, Fructus Amomi, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria Yunensis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Aucklandiae, Radix Gentianae Yunnanensis and other "Top Ten Yunyao" brand medicinal materials have excellent quality and are widely recognized in the industry. It has built a domestic raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products. The large varieties of Yi medicine represented by Yunnan Baiyao, the unique ethnic medicines such as Dai and Naxi, and the unique ethnic medical technologies such as Dai medicine, which are in the same strain as the traditional medical systems of neighboring countries, provide rich ethnic medical resources for the innovation, inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine and the opening up of markets for South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Gu Fangzhou, known as the "father of polio vaccine in China", engaged in the research of live attenuated polio vaccine in Yunnan, established the method of isolation and finalization of polio virus, formulated the trial production and safety standards of live polio vaccine, and formulated the "Rules for the manufacture and verification of live polio vaccine", which guided the production and identification of billions of vaccines in China and laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of vaccine industry in our province.

4. Shortcomings of rapid industrial development

First, the industry is small in scale and weak in competitiveness. The overall scale of Yunnan’s biomedical industry is small. Among the top 500 main business incomes of the national pharmaceutical industry, there are only 10 in Yunnan. The overall competitiveness of the biomedical industry, which is dominated by traditional Chinese medicine, is weak, especially affected by the national medical reform policies such as the catalogue of auxiliary drugs of traditional Chinese medicine, the catalogue of medical insurance, and the consistency evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections. The scale of biomedical manufacturing industry has declined slightly for two consecutive years.

Second, the industrial structure is not excellent and the industrial chain is incomplete. The development of standardized planting (breeding) bases of Chinese herbal medicines lags behind, the phenomenon of small varieties of Chinese herbal medicines is prominent, the research foundation is uneven, and the competitiveness of products is generally weak; Vaccines are the main biotechnological drugs, but the pipelines of antibody drugs, biological similar drugs, cell products, blood products and other products are not rich, and the upstream and downstream supporting industries are basically blank; Small amount of chemicals, lack of original research drugs and high-end generic drugs; The development level of medical devices and veterinary drugs is low.

Third, the core competitiveness of enterprises is weak, and the degree of specialization of the park is low. There are few well-known enterprises and leading enterprises, leading enterprises are not aware of advanced layout and innovative R&D activities, and the industry is not leading enough; Insufficient investment in research and development, lack of influential and innovative varieties, and weak core competitiveness; The level of professional development of biomedical industrial park is not high, the supporting system is not perfect, and the public R&D and service capabilities are weak.

Fourth, innovation ability is not strong, and high-level talents are lacking. The research and development system of new drug creation is imperfect, the resources are scattered, and the technical level is not high, which does not match the needs of the industrial chain; Lack of forward-looking scientific research ability for common technologies, key technologies and cutting-edge technologies needed for rapid industrial development; There are few innovative products in other industries except vaccines; The linkage between enterprises and scientific research institutions is not close, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is prominent; Lack of high-level R&D innovation centers and insufficient public R&D service platforms such as drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug clinical evaluation (GCP) and contract R&D institutions (CRO); There is a serious shortage of high-level innovative talents, management talents and teams.

Fifth, brand building is not enough, and market development ability is weak. Enterprises are weak in coping with industrial policies such as medical reform, drug review and approval, and drug production supervision, and weak in market cultivation and brand building of their own products; There is a lack of systematic publicity highlighting the advantages and characteristics, insufficient excavation of superior Chinese herbal medicine varieties, time-honored traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine culture, and weak brand building and market promotion of "Yunyao".

(3) Opportunities and challenges

1. Health needs are increasing.

With the increase of sub-health population and the acceleration of population aging, people’s demand for health products has increased rapidly; The demand for health consumption has changed from medical treatment to disease prevention, health care and health promotion; The national new medical reform plan puts the prevention and control of diseases in the first place, and pays more attention to "preventing diseases before they occur". Traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be promising.

2. Building a domestic and international dual cycle will bring new opportunities for industrial development.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on the global industrial chain and supply chain. It is an inevitable requirement to maintain a stable and healthy economic development by adjusting the economic development path, opening up the international circulation, smoothing the domestic circulation, coordinating development and security, enhancing the autonomy, sustainability and resilience of economic development. Seize the development opportunities brought by the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), make full use of Yunnan’s geographical advantages in connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and exchange the traditional medicine with neighboring countries, realize the smooth connection with the biomedical industry in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and accelerate the construction of a new international and domestic dual-cycle development pattern.

3. The epidemic situation in COVID-19 affected the development pattern of pharmaceutical industry.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, COVID-19’s vaccine research and development and production have become the focus of international competition in the field of biotechnology drugs, which puts forward new requirements for the corresponding research and development technology system, experimental evaluation, manufacturing capacity level and organizational management efficiency. With the development of modern biotechnology such as genetic engineering, cell engineering, tissue engineering, biosynthesis, bioinformatics and precision medicine, biotechnological drugs such as vaccines and antibody drugs have become the main direction of the transformation and upgrading of the biomedical industry. The competitive advantages of prescription and medicine represented by "three drugs and three parties" are prominent, and the modern innovative Chinese medicine with clear mechanism of action and definite clinical effect has obvious competitiveness. The demand for medical materials represented by ventilators, testing reagents, medical masks and protective clothing has surged, which has promoted the development of the medical device industry.

4. Competition in domestic pharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly fierce.

All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) take biomedicine as a priority industry, and Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other provinces (municipalities) have been at the forefront of the country by virtue of their own geographical, policy, talent and technical advantages; Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces have also accelerated the pace of industrial development, and the competition between regions has become increasingly fierce. The reorganization of enterprises in the industry is frequent, and super-large enterprises are constantly emerging. The development trend of agglomeration is obvious, full of opportunities and challenges.

5. The medical reform policy forces the pharmaceutical industry to develop with high quality.

The research and development, production and sales of pharmaceutical products are highly dependent on policy factors, and the industrial development is deeply influenced by policy regulation. The continuous adjustment of various policies, such as drug supervision, the catalogue of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary drugs and the new medical insurance catalogue, has prompted pharmaceutical enterprises to increase investment in research and development, take a higher quality development path, change from extensive development to refined development mode, and change products from imitation to original innovation. At the same time, information technology represented by mobile medical care, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things has begun to penetrate into all aspects of the biomedical industry.

6. Competition for innovative drugs has intensified.

At present, the research and development of major innovative drugs are still led by well-known multinational companies, and the competition for technology, talents and funds in the biomedical industry is extremely fierce. Large pharmaceutical companies focus on developing innovative drugs for clinical value in the fields of biotechnology drugs and chemical drugs, while expanding new indications of existing products and expanding upstream and downstream business chains. Pharmaceutical companies with obvious competitive advantages in core products, diversified products and outstanding R&D capabilities will have stronger competitiveness and anti-risk ability. The global vaccine industry presents an oligopoly pattern, with the top 10 companies accounting for 95.7% of the total vaccine market share, and the four vaccine giants GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer accounting for about 80% of the total market share. In the future, the global vaccine market has great growth potential and will grow rapidly with a compound annual growth rate of 10%. The rapid development of frontier technologies such as gene therapy and cell therapy is expected to form major innovative drugs and new supporting technologies. The patents of the top 10 original drugs in global sales, such as Hummel, Merlot and Avastin, are about to expire, and generic drugs and bio-similar drugs are expected to usher in new opportunities. From the national situation, the major achievements of new drug research and development are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, and innovative enterprises led by new drug research and development, such as Hengrui Pharma and Wuxi PharmaTech, have a strong development momentum.

Second, the development ideas, principles and objectives

(A) development ideas

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on his visit to Yunnan, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party committee and government, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, serve and integrate into the new development pattern, adhere to the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented, take innovation as the core, quality as the foundation, and take enterprises as the main body. Market-oriented, focusing on the three key areas of biotechnological drugs, modern Chinese medicine and health products, we will focus on attracting investment accurately, strengthening the main body of enterprises, enhancing innovation ability, building industrial clusters, promoting industrial development with engineering measures, building domestic first-class R&D and production bases of biological vaccines and modern Chinese medicine, domestic top-quality raw materials bases of natural drugs and health products, and biomedical trade bases facing South Asia and Southeast Asia, forming an industrial cluster with important influence in the country, and realizing the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Basic principles

1. Innovation-driven, quality-improved development

Around the industrial chain, deploy innovation chain, build a batch of high-level public service platforms and professional R&D platforms, break through a batch of technologies, reserve a batch of achievements, develop a batch of products and transform a batch of achievements, and promote the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

2. Based on advantages and outstanding features

Based on the advantages of Yunnan’s location, ecology, environment, resources and nationality, we will highlight the characteristics of biological vaccines, authentic medicinal materials, ethnic medicine, classic and famous prescriptions, proven prescriptions and cell technology, strengthen product quality and standards, and accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading.

3. Government guidance and market dominance

Innovate institutional mechanisms, rationally allocate resources, break through policy bottlenecks, cultivate and expand market players, release enterprise vitality and market potential, and build a sound market system and policy system.

4. Open cooperation and push forward together.

Improve the soft and hard environment, expand the domestic and foreign markets, and support local enterprises to become bigger and stronger; Introduce well-known enterprises and scientific research achievements to expand the increment; Attracting scientific research institutes from outside the province to develop in Yunnan, jointly cultivating talents, focusing on R&D and innovation, and forming a strong synergy to promote industrial development.

(III) Overall objectives

By 2025, the operating income of the biomedical industry will achieve the goal of "ensuring four guarantees and competing for five", that is, it will reach 400 billion yuan and strive to reach 500 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Among them, the biomedical manufacturing industry will achieve an operating income of more than 150 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. The added value of biomedical industry reached 120 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Strive for the biological vaccine industry to achieve the number and value of batch issuance. Facing 2035, we will focus on key markets, increase promotion, actively tap the domestic market, vigorously explore the South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, further enhance the influence and market share of the brand "Yunyao", and build Yunnan into a biomedical R&D innovation and product production and trade center with distinctive characteristics of serving the whole country and radiating South Asia and Southeast Asia, and build an industrial cluster with important influence in the country.

-do it on a large scale. By 2025, we will cultivate more than one enterprise (group) with operating income exceeding 50 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 10 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 5 billion yuan, more than 20 enterprises (groups) exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 70 enterprises exceeding 100 million yuan.

-strengthen varieties. By 2025, more than 10 varieties with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 60 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan will be cultivated.

-do an excellent structure. By 2025, the leading development of biotechnological drugs will be realized, modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be upgraded and developed, dual-use products for medicine and food will develop by leaps and bounds, and chemical drugs and medical devices will make breakthroughs.

-fill in the short board. We will build and upgrade a number of public R&D and service platforms around biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine and chemical drugs, break through a number of key core technologies, and develop a number of competitive and innovative products.

Third, key tasks

Around the biomedical industry chain, deploy innovation chain, promote the organic integration of industry chain and policy chain, innovation chain, capital chain, supply chain, talent chain and value chain, focus on key core technologies, fill the shortcomings of the platform and increase high-quality varieties. Strengthen leading enterprises and enhance manufacturing capacity. Optimize the industrial layout, strengthen the construction of the park, and form industrial agglomeration. Enhance the brand of "Yunyao", revitalize the stock, introduce increments, expand the total amount, and realize the high-quality development of the biomedical industry.

(1) Strengthen varieties and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

Give priority to the development of biological vaccines, modern Chinese medicines (ethnic medicines), Chinese herbal pieces and chemical medicines, vigorously develop biotechnological medicines such as antibody medicines, gene technology, cell therapy and blood products, as well as health products, detection and diagnosis reagents, medium and high-end medical devices, strengthen the research and innovation of biotechnological medicines, modern Chinese medicines, natural medicines, generic medicines, new preparations and health care products, and support the internationalization of vaccines, modern Chinese medicines and medical devices. Focusing on increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, building a number of well-known enterprises and brand products, introducing large enterprises and groups, encouraging enterprises to acquire and merge, and promoting international development, we will promote digital and intelligent manufacturing and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

1. Key development areas

(1) Biotechnology drugs focusing on vaccines

The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry focusing on vaccines is the fastest-growing field in the biomedical industry in our province, and efforts should be made to improve the upstream and downstream industrial chains, enhance the research and development capacity of new vaccines, accelerate the construction of a rapid response system for major infectious diseases, strengthen frontier basic research, and enrich product pipelines.

Focus on Kunming and Yuxi to build biotechnology pharmaceutical industrial bases focusing on vaccines, and vigorously develop new biological vaccines, antibody drugs, biological analogues, cell preparations, blood products such as albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulin, and other new products of proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. Enlarge and strengthen the existing biotechnology drug enterprises, encourage vaccine enterprises to build digital and intelligent production lines, and improve the production technology level. Guide enterprises in the province to build, acquire and merge R&D institutions at home and abroad, build a quality system, R&D system and production technology system that are in line with international standards, promote the international registration and WHO pre-certification of biological vaccine products, build a vaccine production and supply base that meets international quality standards and a leading domestic monoclonal antibody drug industry base, increase open cooperation with South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe and the United States, and open up markets in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim.

Traditional vaccines: enterprises are encouraged to develop univalent vaccines, multivalent vaccines and multiplex vaccines with attenuated, detoxified and inactivated products based on pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites, so as to promote the secondary development and upgrading of biological vaccines.

New vaccines: break through the key core technologies such as efficient genetic engineering construction technology of virus species and strains, screening research technology of pathogen antigen components, bacterial polysaccharide-protein binding technology, large-scale animal cell culture technology, new vaccine adjuvant technology, genetic engineering technology, genetic engineering recombination technology, non-human primate model evaluation, and carry out research and development and transformation of new vaccines such as nucleic acid vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine and recombination vaccines. Increase the forward-looking research and development of mRNA technology in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, AIDS, genetic diseases, rare diseases, tumors and other major diseases.

Antibody, protein and nucleic acid drugs: develop monoclonal antibody drugs, neutralizing antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-coupled drugs (ADC), biological analogues, recombinant protein drugs, polypeptide drugs and nucleic acid drugs for diseases such as tumor, immune system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and infections.

Animal vaccines: Encourage the research and development of veterinary vaccines such as Class A epidemic vaccines, multi-animal co-morbid vaccines, vaccines for cattle and sheep, vaccines for pigs, vaccines for poultry, and vaccines for pets.

Cell preparation: within the scope permitted by policies and regulations, encourage and standardize the research and development of cell therapy products including stem cells and immune cells; We will carry out research on a series of standards and technical systems such as preparation, quality inspection and safety evaluation of clinical-grade cell products and derivatives, improve their safety, effectiveness and quality controllability, and accelerate the research on clinical application norms of cell therapy.

Blood products: introduce and develop blood products, focusing on the development of coagulation factors, thrombin, human albumin, human fibrinogen, immunoglobulin and other products. Within the scope permitted by the policy, the layout of plasma raw materials will be increased by adding plasma collection stations.

Other biotechnologies: Accelerate the construction of a synthetic biotechnology innovation system, support the research on genome design and synthesis, and provide technical support for basic research on new biological treatment methods, vaccines, materials and disease control.

Make use of the advantages of genetic resources in our province to develop the biomedical industry of non-human primates and carry out research on the protection and rational utilization of human genetic resources; Carry out research on transplant organ cultivation technology and xenotransplantation technology.

(2) Modern Chinese medicine represented by formula granules.

Focus on the quality upgrade, secondary development, new indications mining, economic evaluation, clinical value-oriented research on safety and clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, and innovative drug development of traditional Chinese medicine, and make efforts in the research on local standards of characteristic Chinese herbal pieces, quality standards that meet the requirements of Pharmacopoeia, effectiveness and safety evaluation, production process improvement, and automation, intelligence and information construction of production and processing.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, Wenshan, Baoshan, Pu ‘er, Honghe and other cities to develop modern Chinese medicine. On the basis of medicinal animal and plant resources such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Gastrodia elata, Paris polyphylla, Periplaneta americana, leech, etc., and taking the development of characteristic ethnic medicines such as Yi medicine and Dai medicine as a breakthrough, we will speed up the cultivation of large varieties of modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) preparations, create a number of brand products, and make Yunnan medicine industry bigger and stronger. Based on classic prescriptions, proven prescriptions and hospital preparations, we will develop innovative Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and epidemic prevention preparations covering the whole life cycle of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for the prevention and treatment of major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, emerging infectious diseases and AIDS. Guided by clinical value, we will carry out material basic research, safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical efficacy research, and explore the construction of a three-in-one evidence system of "Chinese medicine theory-human experience-clinical trial" for the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine. Adopt modern biotechnology, advanced pharmaceutical technology and preparation technology to promote the application of biocatalysis and transformation, refining, extraction and separation in the research and development of modern Chinese medicine.

In Kunming, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Zhaotong, Pu ‘er, Baoshan, Lijiang and other major producing areas, the production base of Chinese herbal pieces will be laid out, with the focus on building Chuxiong into a national first-class industrial base of Chinese herbal formula granules. Form more than 10 brand enterprises producing Chinese herbal pieces and local standards for formula granules of more than 100 varieties. Strengthen cooperation with state-level research institutions and well-known domestic enterprises, carry out research on quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and upgrade the processing and production technology, and establish a quality standard system, a safety evaluation system and a clinical trial research system for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces that meet the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia and international standards. Carry out the equivalent test and production technology research of formula granules, and establish the processing technology and quality evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces combined with modern science and technology. Develop new modern technologies, equipment and facilities such as extraction, concentration, drying and granulation, apply blockchain traceability technology to improve online quality control, establish a traceability system for processing and production of Chinese herbal pieces, and build a number of intelligent production lines of Chinese herbal pieces with advanced technology and strict quality control.

We will build a research center for ethnic medicine focusing on Yi medicine, Dai medicine and Tibetan medicine, systematically excavate and sort out ethnic medicine documents of Yi, Dai, Tibetan, Naxi, Wa and Hani nationalities, and carry out clinical application of traditional ethnic medicine therapy and its ancillary products and theoretical research on ethnic medicine. Relying on ethnic medicine resources, develop external preparations. Strengthen the research and development and clinical application of preparations in ethnic medicine hospitals, and carry out research and development of new ethnic medicine with clear mechanism, high technology content and reliable curative effect.

Build a characteristic industrial cluster of Sanqi, and build Sanqi into the first brand of traditional Chinese medicine in China. We will build a Sanqi industrial innovation consortium with enterprises as the main body, and gather superior resources inside and outside the province to carry out key technology research and transformation and application of achievements. Develop innovative drugs for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Focusing on the large varieties and exclusive varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) such as Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, we will increase the re-evaluation after listing and the secondary development of "new use of old drugs", and carry out research on the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine such as "Xuesaitong+aspirin"; Strengthen the biosynthesis and application of panax notoginseng saponins, scutellarin, Paris polyphylla saponins and other extracts; Carry out research on the processing technology and technology of traditional Chinese medicines such as Panax Notoginseng while fresh, and formulate standards for new-type decoction pieces such as formula granules and powder decoction pieces of characteristic varieties such as Panax Notoginseng and Gastrodia elata which meet the standards of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia; To study and formulate EU Pharmacopoeia standards for Sanqi formula granules, panax pseudo-ginseng and other products, so as to enhance the international popularity and influence of Sanqi.

Regional cooperation in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) should be carried out for South Asia and Southeast Asia, international multi-center clinical trials and international registration of traditional Chinese medicine preparations with good clinical effect and clear mechanism of action should be carried out, and a modern standard production system and quality evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine should be constructed according to international standards.

(3) Health products based on natural extracts.

Continue to strengthen the research on the material basis of effective active ingredients of animals and plants, increase the development and application of extracts, strengthen the development of high-quality health products, and cultivate brand products with market competitiveness and scale effect.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Pu ‘er, Xishuangbanna, Lijiang, Wenshan and other cities to build health product research and development and production bases, and develop high value-added health products. Focus on health care products and daily chemical products such as Sanqi series, Dendrobium series and microalgae series, and build a number of brand products with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan. Introduce well-known enterprises at home and abroad, cultivate some leading enterprises, and promote Yunnan’s health products to South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Construction of Yunnan laboratory for extracting characteristic plants. Focusing on plant extraction and scientific and technological innovation in the whole industrial chain of health products, we will systematically carry out basic research, product development and achievement transformation, and build a platform for functional evaluation and inspection of health foods and cosmetics. Using modern biotechnology, we will strengthen the research on the efficacy and application of animal and plant-derived ingredients, cultivate and expand a number of intensive processing backbone enterprises in the main raw material producing areas in view of the needs of food, medicine, health care products, daily chemical products, feed products and other related industries, and promote the extraction and processing of characteristic Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Periplaneta americana and leech, as well as the raw materials of characteristic health products such as stevia rebaudiana, eucalyptus globulus, marigold, maca, rose, microalgae and aloe, and research and development. Improve the extraction and separation technology and quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, breviscapine, tea polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, paclitaxel, borneol and other extract products, as well as eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, rose oil, rosemary and other essence and fragrance products. Taking notoginseng, gastrodia elata, Dendrobium nobile, Polygonatum sibiricum, Amomum villosum and other medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials, and special biological resources such as microalgae, Moringa oleifera, walnuts and flowers as raw materials, we have researched and developed various health products such as medicated diet, medicated wine, medicated tea and drinks, as well as a series of health foods, aromatic products and daily necessities with the functions of resisting oxidation, losing weight, enhancing immunity, relieving anxiety, relieving depression, assisting in improving memory and caring skin. Focus on developing and producing a batch of formula foods with strong pertinence and high patient acceptance, which are suitable for surgery, nephrology, oncology, pediatrics and geriatric rehabilitation.

Improve the development level of Panax notoginseng extract. In-depth study of extracts from different parts such as flowers, stems, leaves, roots, etc., and development of Sanqi series health food, special diet products, oral care, medical beauty skin care and other daily necessities in different dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and oral preparations, enriching product structure and expanding application fields; Improve the extraction technology and product quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, polysaccharides and panax notoginseng elements; Study and formulate international standards for the extraction of characteristic raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, and accelerate the internationalization of Panax notoginseng.

2. Rapid development areas

(1) Chemical drugs

Further improve the industrial chain, improve the research and development capabilities of original drugs and generic drugs, and improve the research and development level of high-end preparations.

Focus on Kunming, Chuxiong and other cities to build R&D and production bases for chemical drugs and chemical raw materials, and carry out R&D and industrialization of innovative drugs, improved new drugs, generic drugs and chemical raw materials.

Strengthen the joint development of "intermediates+APIs+chemicals". Improve the production technology of platinum anti-tumor raw materials and steroid hormone raw materials. Encourage enterprises to buy varieties with high clinical value at home and abroad and enterprises with great development potential to enter Yunnan for development. Develop chemical raw materials, auxiliary materials and packaging materials industries in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity, and develop a number of chemical synthetic drugs with characteristics, potential and competitiveness. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Israel, India and other countries in the research and development of generic drugs, and explore the construction of an international cooperation base for the research and development of generic drugs.

Guide key enterprises and scientific research institutions to focus on the development of innovative drugs for major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, mental diseases, viral infections, etc., especially chemical innovative drugs and improved new drugs with new targets and new mechanisms of action. Carry out research and development of high-end preparations, develop new dosage forms with good clinical substitution for varieties and dosage forms that are clinically necessary and have great side effects, and promote the research and development of sustained and controlled release, targeted, transdermal, mucosal and carrier drug delivery systems. Develop Yunnan plant resources, discover and develop new natural chemical drugs. To carry out the imitation of drugs needed for the treatment of major infectious diseases and rare diseases, drugs needed for the disposal of public health emergencies, drugs used by children, and original drugs whose patents are about to expire. Carry out research and development and green production technology innovation in the fields of chemical raw materials and pharmaceutical intermediates; Carry out the construction of the process technology system for the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical monomer compounds such as panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine.

(2) Medical devices

Give full play to the advantages of China (Yunnan) Pilot Free Trade Zone (hereinafter referred to as FTZ) and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, speed up the construction of medical device production and trade system for South Asia and Southeast Asia, develop high-tech and high value-added products, and establish an effective linkage mechanism between medical institutions and medical device industry.

We will build medical device industrial parks in Central Yunnan New District, Qujing, Yuxi, Free Trade Zone and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, build medical device R&D and production, inspection and testing, and trade distribution bases for South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, and build the most complete medical device industrial park in Southwest China.

In view of the market demand in South Asia and Southeast Asia, we will introduce domestic and foreign leading or advantageous enterprises in high-end medical devices and biomaterials to build medical device production bases and supporting industrial chains, cultivate high-end medical device enterprises, and promote the development of upstream and downstream industries of medical devices. Support the construction of a production base that meets the quality management standards for medical device production, build a public R&D and production platform for medical devices, build a high-grade medical device life-cycle detection technology service platform based on units with good foundation, and attract enterprises, research institutions, talent teams and technological achievements to Yunnan to carry out the transformation and industrialization of achievements. We will build a number of leading enterprises in the production of in vitro diagnostic reagents, dentures and disposable infusion devices, and promote the development of industries such as medical devices, new biomaterials, high-end pharmaceutical packaging materials and high-quality pharmaceutical excipients.

Develop technologies and products such as gene detection, biological detection chip and in vitro immunodiagnosis, and develop in vitro diagnostic equipment and reagents such as major emerging infectious diseases and tumor diseases; Accelerate the research and development of new biomaterials, and carry out research and development of new biomaterials such as biomedical materials, tissue engineering materials, bio-based materials and medical and health materials; Carry out research and development and production of high-end consumables such as orthopedic instruments, and build a production base of high-end orthopedic consumables in southwest China; Carry out research and development of TCM diagnosis and treatment instruments and equipment, rehabilitation instruments and equipment, and sports therapy equipment with ethnic characteristics; Carry out the development and industrialization of "big data+artificial intelligence+medical care" instruments and equipment, and develop digital and multifunctional mobile monitoring equipment and wearable products, rehabilitation AIDS and optometry-related products.

(3) Veterinary drugs

Further guide enterprises and scientific research institutions, strengthen investment in veterinary drug research and development, enhance the research and development ability of veterinary drugs, and give full play to the advantages of resources to develop innovative products of veterinary drugs.

Strengthen the cooperation between animal medicine enterprises and scientific research institutions inside and outside the province, and develop or introduce a new generation of animal vaccines and innovative products for veterinary medicine. Improve the quality and production capacity of a number of veterinary drugs, such as bovine O-type and A-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig double O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, hog cholera live vaccine (subculture cell source), piglet paratyphoid, Newcastle disease and so on.

Focus on Kunming, Baoshan, Dali and other cities with veterinary drug industry base to actively develop veterinary drug industry. Increase the research and development of livestock and poultry disease prevention vaccines and pet vaccine products such as cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens; Develop a batch of veterinary traditional Chinese medicine preparations with traditional Chinese medicine as raw materials, which can replace antibiotics, carry out veterinary drug imitation research, develop feed drug additives, improve the self-sufficiency rate of veterinary drug production, and actively expand the market in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

(2) To improve quality and accelerate the construction of high-quality raw material bases for Chinese herbal medicines.

Highlight the construction of standardized planting (breeding) bases for Chinese medicinal materials, adhere to the principle of quality first, control the planting scale, innovate the planting mode, promote the original habitat planting, improve the quality of medicinal materials, and scientifically develop large varieties of raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Gastrodia elata and Dendrobium. At the same time, give play to ecological advantages, actively introduce domestic and foreign high value-added medicinal varieties into Yunnan to build a high-quality raw material planting and processing base. Make good use of domestic and foreign resources and markets to build Yunnan into a national raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products.

1. Breeding excellent provenances and developing the fine variety industry of Chinese herbal medicines.

In order to promote the sustainable development of Chinese herbal medicine resources, the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, screening of high-quality provenances, breeding of new varieties and breeding of improved varieties will be carried out around the backbone medicinal materials and rare and endangered Chinese herbal medicines, and the industry of improved varieties of Chinese herbal medicines will be developed. In view of the problems such as source degradation, we will strengthen the domestication and planting of Chinese herbal medicines and the breeding of improved varieties. Strengthen the investigation, collection, identification, preservation and artificial domestication and cultivation techniques of important rare and precious wild raw material germplasm resources such as Fritillaria cirrhosa, Euphorbia Humifusa, Rhizoma Curculiginis, Rhubarb and Dragon’s Blood, and protect the germplasm and genetic resources. In Wenshan, Zhaotong, Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Pu ‘er, Baoshan and other authentic Chinese herbal medicine producing areas and suitable planting (breeding) areas, 50 breeding bases of authentic superior Chinese herbal medicines, 100 guaranteed nursery bases of Chinese herbal medicines and 100 standardized planting (breeding) bases will be upgraded, and a number of Chinese herbal medicine seed and seedling enterprises will be built, with emphasis on cultivating more than 10 high-quality seed and seedling management companies. Relying on the National Nature Reserve, conservation zone, a Chinese herbal medicine, will be built, and more than two protected areas for endangered and rare wild medicinal plants and animals will be planned, and more than 10 wild breeding bases for endangered and rare genuine medicinal materials from Yunnan will be built to provide support for the rapid development of raw materials industry for health products.

2. Strengthen the construction of high-quality raw material bases and build high-quality Chinese herbal medicine planting areas.

Build the "first workshop" of biomedical industry with the concept of green development. According to GAP standards, develop rural areas to revitalize the "one county, one industry" Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry. Innovate the planting (breeding) mode and vigorously develop "green planting", "ecological planting", "under forest planting" and "imitation of original habitat planting" of Chinese herbal medicines. Encourage domestic and foreign enterprises to build a "pharmaceutical park" in suitable areas of Yunnan, and accelerate the formation of a situation in which leading enterprises lead, bases are standardized and the province develops in an orderly manner. Cultivate a number of well-known enterprises and high-quality raw material varieties, and build a standard library of reference materials for Chinese herbal medicine varieties. Cooperate with neighboring countries to protect and organize traditional medicinal resources in South Asia and Southeast Asia, popularize planting techniques and carry out overseas planting. Strengthen the research and development and application of advanced equipment for planting Chinese herbal medicines, and improve the modernization level of planting (breeding) Chinese herbal medicines. Cultivate original bulk and regional comprehensive primary processing bases of Chinese herbal medicines, and lay out and build regional inspection and testing platforms.

Give full play to the advantages of Yunnan’s ecological environment, national culture and tourism industry, and promote the construction of a number of Chinese herbal medicine health industrial parks (manors) including standardized cultivation (breeding), food culture, health experience, leisure and health preservation, and popular science propaganda, with emphasis on building more than 10 well-known manors.

3. Accelerate the improvement and efficiency of "the hometown of Yunnan medicine" and build the brand of "Yunnan medicine"

Relying on the "Hometown of Yunyao", we will promote the construction of more than 60 standardized, large-scale and standardized planting (breeding) areas of high-quality Chinese herbal medicines, improve the standards of authentic Chinese herbal medicines, study and formulate a number of domestic and international standards for raw materials of health products, expand the scale of green planting and ecological planting of Chinese herbal medicines, standardize the whole process management of raw material planting (breeding), and build a quality monitoring network and traceability system covering the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in the province. Build a green production technology promotion system, a production processing technology system, a quality evaluation system and a traceability system of the whole industry chain, and build a "Top Ten Yunyao" brand. We will carry out basic research on pharmacology, medicalization, efficacy and safety evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines, and develop a number of new food raw materials.

Build Sanqi into a national demonstration variety of Chinese herbal medicine intelligent agriculture. Improve the technology and level of green planting, undergrowth planting and original habitat planting of Panax notoginseng, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality and high-end products. Around the breeding, planting, processing, warehousing and other links of improved varieties of Panax notoginseng, we will build a comprehensive and domestic leading big data platform for intelligent agriculture of Panax notoginseng, and build a digital management and service system for seed and seedling quality evaluation, monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, intelligent diagnosis, processing of origin, warehousing and logistics, quality inspection, product traceability and so on.

(three) to expand the market and accelerate the improvement of the business system of biomedical products.

Based in Yunnan, facing the whole country, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim, with the help of internet plus, big data, cloud computing and other modern technical means, we will give full play to the role of free trade zones and border economic cooperation zones, vigorously carry out internal and external cooperation, and build a business system for biomedical products with the focus on market system construction, enterprise management informationization and international business development.

1. Build a regional circulation system

Focusing on free trade zones and border ports, we will lay out and build a number of modern warehousing and logistics centers for biomedical products in all provinces, cities and key counties, cities, districts and border port cities such as Hekou and Ruili, build regional pharmaceutical wholesale and distribution centers, build cold chain logistics, and improve the supply guarantee system for pharmaceutical and health products in Yunnan. High-level construction of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine trading center, enlarge and strengthen Wenshan Sanqi, Zhaotong Tianma and other regional characteristic Chinese herbal medicine markets, build a futures market for bulk medicinal materials and scarce medicinal materials, and cultivate a regional distributed trading market for fresh medicinal materials. Strengthen the supervision of Chinese herbal medicine market, standardize the access management of Chinese herbal medicine market, and establish a quality inspection, public warehousing and quality traceability system.

2. Promote the development of new logistics formats

Promote the "internet plus" business model, encourage drug circulation enterprises to use the Internet and Internet of Things technology, introduce third-party service organizations such as insurance and logistics, provide extended services such as online pharmacies and drug distribution, and build an information management system covering the whole province’s business circulation. Taking the Chamber of Commerce as the main body, we will jointly build the "Yunyao Information Network" and "Yunyao Database" to build the Yunnan pharmaceutical e-commerce trading platform. Develop the platform economy of "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine+Traditional Chinese Medicine+Health Service" and build a new format and new model economy of Chinese medicine industry.

3. Broaden the market channels of Yunyao.

Strengthen cooperation in commercial production, encourage commercial circulation enterprises inside and outside the province to sell Yunnan products, guide commercial circulation enterprises to build production and marketing alliances with raw material planting enterprises and pharmaceutical and health care products production enterprises, and provide market information and sales channels for production enterprises. Develop a number of specialized institutions that exchange and cooperate with domestic and foreign countries, and hold various seminars, exchanges and exhibitions. Encourage business circulation enterprises in the province to become bigger and stronger, and lead production enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to expand domestic and foreign markets.

Fourth, the main measures

(1) Vigorously implement accurate investment promotion.

In-depth implementation of the "multiplication" plan of market players, focusing on biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical pharmaceuticals, health products and other fields, aiming at the top 500 international companies, the top 100 biomedical companies and leading enterprises in the industry, and carrying out accurate investment promotion. Implement the drug marketing license holder system, and introduce innovative achievements holders such as biotechnology drugs, innovative Chinese medicines and chemical medicines to Yunnan to carry out achievements transformation and industrialization. Introduce and develop serum-free cell culture medium, affinity filler medium, ultrafiltration membrane, disposable reaction bag and other upstream and downstream supporting enterprises of biological products represented by vaccines to enter Yunnan for development. Introduce Chinese herbal pieces and health products processing enterprises represented by formula granules into Yunnan to build a raw material base, research and development production base and extend the industrial chain of Chinese herbal medicines. Implement the medical device holder system, give full play to the advantages of free trade zone and border economic cooperation zone, introduce medical device R&D and production enterprises to Yunnan, and build a medical device production and circulation base for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Introduce chemical raw material medicine enterprises into Yunnan for development in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity. In combination with the introduction of science and technology into Yunnan, we will actively promote the "four landings" of talent teams, scientific and technological enterprises, scientific and technological achievements and innovation platforms, and strengthen the introduction of CRO (contract research and development institutions) and CMO (commissioned production institutions).

(2) Accelerate major projects.

Implement special projects for the development of biomedical industry, organize and implement a number of key projects to support and lead the development of biomedical industry. Relying on leading enterprises and R&D institutions with strong R&D capabilities, we will organize and plan a number of major projects combining "Industry-University-Research" for the development needs of key areas of biomedicine. With the goal of leading enterprises and key brand products becoming bigger and stronger, we will implement a number of quality improvement and efficiency improvement projects through digital and intelligent technological transformation and secondary development. With the goal of building industrial clusters, support key cities, key parks and key enterprises to plan and implement a number of key projects. Encourage the park to plan a number of preliminary projects and implement a number of key projects around infrastructure construction, key industrial bases construction and major scientific research platforms construction, and strengthen tracking management and service guarantee.

(C) focus on cultivating leading enterprises

Implement the cultivation plan of leading enterprises, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises. In accordance with the principle of "one thing, one discussion, one enterprise, one policy", we will enlarge and strengthen leading enterprises, cultivate a number of large enterprise groups with international influence, develop and expand a number of key enterprises, support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and form enterprise clusters. In the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, biotechnology medicine, chemical medicine and health products, select a group of enterprises with good growth to focus on cultivation. Support enterprises to build raw material bases and production bases around the industrial chain, and improve the level of automation, intelligence and informatization of enterprises. Carry out the listing cultivation of biomedical enterprises, and continue to promote the listing progress of biomedical "golden seed" enterprises. Support enterprises to take capital, technology, brand as the link, through mergers and acquisitions, agreement transfer, joint restructuring, holding shares and other ways to carry out mergers and acquisitions, improve industrial concentration.

(4) Continuously improve the innovation capability.

Focusing on the fields of vaccines, antibody drugs, cell products, modern Chinese medicine, formula granules, chemical drugs, health products, extracts, etc., we will upgrade and build a number of industrial public service platforms and specialized research and development platforms, form a perfect biomedical research and development and technical service chain, and continuously improve the ability of biomedical innovation. Keep a close eye on the commanding heights of industry technology, increase investment in applied basic research, and reserve a number of advanced and applicable technologies and achievements; Adopt the innovative project organization mode of "unveiling the list", aim at the major needs of the industry, break through key technologies, formulate new standards, develop new products and upgrade new processes. With enterprises as the main body, we will build a number of R&D and service platforms such as key laboratories, technology innovation centers, engineering research centers, enterprise technology centers and industrial technology innovation platforms in conjunction with well-known expert teams and scientific research institutions at home and abroad. Promote the construction of the State Key Laboratory of Biomedicine for Non-human Primates, accelerate the construction of Yunnan Laboratory for Extraction of Characteristic Plants, build a new vaccine technology innovation system, and improve the research platforms such as natural drug screening, research on patent medicine, drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug pilot test, drug clinical evaluation platform (GCP) and bioequivalence test. Construction of provincial clinical medical research centers and a number of national clinical medical research sub-centers. Cultivate and introduce several CRO institutions. Promote and build a platform for big data and digital applications around the biomedical industry chain.

(5) Building professional parks with high quality.

With Kunming as the center and Yuxi, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Qujing, Baoshan, Honghe and other cities as the focus, a number of biomedical industry specialized parks covering the whole province will be built. Focus on promoting Kunming National Bio-industrial Base, Yunnan Central Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Medicine Economic Circle, Yunnan Central Medical Device Industrial Park, Kunming and Yuxi Bio-vaccine R&D and production bases, International Medical Health City, Chuxiong Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Industrial Base, Wenshan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Tengyao Industrial Park, Pu ‘er Biomedical Industrial Park, Honghe Biomedical Industrial Cluster, Qujing Malong Medical Device Emergency Industrial Park and other specialized parks and clusters. Based on the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of land and space development, chemical raw material medicine parks will be developed in Kunming, Chuxiong and other areas that meet the relevant policy requirements of chemical parks. Promote the gathering of projects, funds, talents and other elements in the park, strengthen the construction of public R&D and service platform, industrial incubation, infrastructure, industrial facilities and human resources conditions in the park, and form a regional specialized park integrating research and development, enterprise incubation, manufacturing and logistics distribution. Strengthen cooperation with biomedical industrial parks in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, attract large domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises, scientific research institutions and teams, CRO institutions and CMO institutions to settle in the parks, promote industrial agglomeration development, vigorously promote the construction of Kunming Great Health Industry Demonstration Zone, and build Kunming and Yuxi into important bases and agglomeration areas for modern biomedical production and research, and Chuxiong, Wenshan and other cities into important bases for modern Chinese medicine industry.

(6) Accelerate the training and introduction of talent teams

Adhere to the problem orientation, deploy the talent chain around the industrial chain and innovation chain, promote all kinds of talent training and introduction programs to the biomedical industry, further strengthen the training and introduction of high-level talents, and introduce high-end management talents, leading scientific research talents, high-level technical talents and innovative teams through multiple channels. Innovate training methods, train all kinds of talents, expand the enrollment scale of biomedical related majors in colleges and universities, and establish specialized talent training bases relying on qualified colleges and universities. Encourage social capital to set up vocational colleges and training institutions, promote school-enterprise cooperation, jointly cultivate and improve the quality of employees, and focus on cultivating a number of scientific and technological research and development talents, enterprise management talents, marketing talents, licensed pharmacists, quality management, testing and consulting service talents. Encourage the park to set up special funds for talents to provide more powerful talent support for the high-quality development of biomedical industry.

(7) Focus on building the brand of Yunyao.

Focus on the superior products such as vaccine series, Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, and build the brand of "Yunyao". To build a biological vaccine brand, we should build a specialized vaccine industry park, build a vaccine research and development system, develop innovative vaccine products, and promote the international development of vaccines. Extend the industrial chain of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Gastrodia elata, cultivate a number of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, and create geographical indication protection varieties. Develop ethnic resources of traditional Chinese medicine, develop and expand a number of dual-purpose varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the formation of a number of brand products such as Chinese herbal pieces, extracts, health foods and functional cosmetics. Implement the promotion action of famous Yunnan medicine products, give play to the leading role of the propaganda department, and form a publicity system with the participation of the government, enterprises and social organizations. Encourage enterprises to carry out various forms of publicity and promotion activities to publicize the advantages, characteristics, achievements, enterprises, brands, products and people of Yunnan’s development of biomedical industry. Build a brand display platform through various trade fairs such as South Expo and Drug Fair.

V. Guarantee conditions

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

Improve the bio-pharmaceutical industry promotion mechanism, compact work responsibilities, hold regular meetings, analyze industrial development, study industrial policies, deploy promotion work, coordinate and solve key problems in the development of key enterprises and major projects, and promote vertical linkage at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Further improve the horizontal linkage mechanism of provincial departments, enhance the joint efforts of all departments to promote the development of biomedical industry, and jointly create a good environment to promote the high-quality development of biomedical industry in Yunnan. An expert advisory committee on biomedical industry composed of senior experts in relevant fields inside and outside the province was established to provide strategic advice on the frontier situation, industrial analysis, innovation ability, regional layout, key investment promotion and policy design of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Increase policy support.

Focusing on the research and innovation of new products, achievements transformation, market development and innovative service system construction in the fields of biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, medical devices and health products, we will coordinate financial funds, increase investment and refine specific measures to support the innovation and development of biomedical industry. To obtain the national major new drug creation science and technology projects, the national key research and development plan related key projects, according to the law and regulations to give supporting support. Support for key core technology research and key new product development, comprehensive use of open competition, publicity system, horse racing system, directional selection and other ways to organize major innovation projects. Study and formulate policies and measures to support the development of biomedical industry in the free trade zone, and help Yunnan biomedical industry to go out and introduce. Incorporate key projects and major projects involving industrial development into relevant national development plans and strive for national policy support. Actively strive for the inclusion of superior and characteristic drugs in the national basic medical insurance drug list and the national basic drug list. Encourage all localities to adopt the form of "government subsidies, enterprises making profits and people buying" to promote the project of biological vaccines benefiting the people. Deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and promote the development of industrial agglomeration.

(3) Overall factor guarantee

Through scientific planning, revitalizing stocks, introducing increments and other ways, we will further expand the development space of biomedical industry, and encourage industrial parks to build standardized factories to meet the needs of biomedical R&D and production enterprises on the basis of meeting the requirements of land and space planning and environmental assessment at all levels. Overall balance of land use, electricity consumption, water consumption, sewage and other indicators, scientific planning and layout of biopharmaceutical and innovative drug production bases. Encourage the park in accordance with the principle of intensive land use, overall planning for the protection of the park urgently needed talent introduction, employment units or park employees accommodation construction land. Focus on advantageous fields and varieties, establish key enterprises and project libraries, give preferential policies to key projects, and streamline examination and approval procedures according to laws and regulations.

(D) Expand financing channels

Give full play to the role of provincial financial control group industrial investment fund, and guide key cities and parks to set up biomedical industry investment funds. Strengthen cooperation with various investment companies, banks and other financial institutions, and adopt various ways and mechanisms such as listing financing, equity investment, credit guarantee, risk compensation, bond financing and asset management to promote base construction, product development, achievement transformation and industrialization, enterprise cultivation, brand building and market expansion.

(5) Strengthening digital empowerment

Promote the digitalization of resources, digital industrialization and industrial digitalization in the biomedical field. Apply modern information technologies such as blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence to upgrade the construction of Yunnan biomedical industry big data center, and further improve the production, supply and marketing network of biomedical enterprises, Chinese herbal medicine bases and circulation enterprises covering the whole province. Promote the construction of Yunnan biological resources digital integration center to realize the sharing, trading and calculation of biological resources scientific data. Give play to the role of industrial big data platform, promote data sharing in R&D, production, approval, sales and use, and break down departmental data barriers.

(6) Pay attention to safety and security.

Strengthen the construction of biosafety risk prevention and control and governance system, strengthen the supervision and management of high-risk and medium-risk biotechnology research and development activities, and take effective countermeasures. Give full play to the role of Yunnan Science and Technology Ethics Committee, strengthen overall planning and guidance, strengthen scientific research ethics supervision, standardize all kinds of scientific research activities, strengthen safety training for managers and professional and technical personnel, and ensure the safe and healthy development of biotechnology. We will comprehensively promote the construction of drug safety regulations and standards system, highlight the improvement of supervision efficiency, enhance the ability of drug monitoring and evaluation, audit and inspection, inspection and testing, and intelligent supervision, and realize the mutual promotion of safety supervision and industrial development. Combine the construction of the vanguard of ecological civilization construction, implement the concept of green development, strengthen environmental protection during the development and application of biotechnology products, and ensure ecological security.

(7) Strengthen evaluation and supervision.

Establish a dynamic evaluation mechanism for the implementation of the plan, formulate a task list every year, and regularly supervise the implementation of the plan by the relevant departments of the state, city and province. We will build a supervision and service mechanism for the operation of key enterprises and the construction of major projects, strengthen the operation monitoring of key enterprises and the scheduling, tracking and service of key projects, and promote the early commencement, completion and commissioning of projects.

Attachment: 1. Atlas of Yunnan Biomedical Industry Chain

2. Regional distribution map of "hometown of Yunyao"

3 main indicators, main tasks and key work responsibilities.

Annex 1

Annex 2

Annex 3

Everyone has seen Xiaomi’s new car. Its name is YU7, which is one letter short of SU7. I was still a little confused about why I called this name. As a result, it was expected that the starting price of around 300,000 yuan would be smooth in an instant. It turned out that Xiaomi Yuqi was not aimed at Porsche this time, but at Tesla.

According to the available information, Xiaomi YU7 basically continues the style. The two cars are not exactly the same, but they are not bad. The front face with 99.99% similarity, from the front, is a fuller millet SU7. However, this is only limited to the front face. From the side to the tail, Xiaomi YU7 has gradually fine-tuned the details.

First of all, the most striking thing is the hub shape, which is changed from the original plum hub on Xiaomi SU7 to an ……emmm, which I personally think is really, really, really cheap. What can I say? It’s all right to call it hot wheels. If I choose a nickname, I can call it sports lottery hub directly. It doesn’t match the elegant texture of the whole car, just like Eddie Peng Yuyan’s figure. As a result, when I turned on the light, I found it was Song Xiaobao’s face. Of course, it’s just an analogy. The actual impact is not so great, but it means this.

Secondly, Xiaomi YU7 changed the straight air inlet hole at the fender of Xiaomi SU7 into a curved shape, and also adopted a hidden door handle shape with lower wind resistance and higher integration. Nothing to say, that is, reducing energy consumption and improving face value, praised. However, it should be noted that it is said that the hidden door handle of Xiaomi YU7 is not the mainstream automatic retractable door handle, but an inverted opening method similar to that of Toyota bZ3.

Finally, there is the tail that everyone cares about very much. Let’s not talk about Xiaomi SU7, just compare it with Ferrari, a "brother model". In fact, you will find that these two cars really have a lot in common. First, the design of hollow tail wing+inverted trapezoidal rear suspension window; Second, the rear fender is high and round, and it runs through the duck tail at the back; Third, the concave opening surrounded by the bottom; Therefore, in the end, an old saying was printed, that young people’s first millet YU7 should not be Ferrari Purosangue.

But let’s joke about it. Don’t really think that Xiaomi YU7 can really bring you the handling texture of Ferrari Purosangue. Obviously, from the first 45 angles of the two cars, the posture of Ferrari Purosangue will be much lower, so if everyone is controlling Xiaomi YU7, then it is recommended to put a correct attitude, not asking too much, just asking Xiaomi YU7 to be better and more fun than Model Y.

As for the interior of Xiaomi YU7, although there is no official information exposed now, I believe that everyone has not seen the spy photos exposed before. To sum up, family-style design, but with a remote screen. At present, the color matching that can be known will include "bone snail purple" and "red Dan orange" if there is no accident. And the configuration will be better than Model Y with a probability of 99.99%, including the next-generation Model Y that is still in the camouflage car stage.

So looking at the whole set, what do you think, brothers? Have you reached the standard in your heart? At present, Lei Jun himself revealed in Weibo that Xiaomi YU7 will not meet us so soon. If you want to buy it, you may have to wait until June or July in 2025 before it will be officially listed.

Anyway, I’ve thought about it. If I want to buy a car, the first thing I’ll do when I get it is to change my teeth for shock absorption, so that I can have Xiaomi and Purosangue at the same time.

　　CCTV News:Gao Fenglin, male, born in March 1962, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a special fusion welder and senior technician of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

　　Gao Fenglin has participated in a series of major aerospace projects, and the welded rocket engines account for nearly 40% of the total number of rocket engines. It has overcome the technical problems of Long March 5, and made outstanding contributions to the smooth implementation of national key projects such as Beidou navigation, Chang ‘e lunar exploration, manned space flight and the development of the new generation launch vehicle of Long March 5.

　　Honors won: second prize of national scientific and technological progress, national model worker, national May 1st Labor Medal, national moral model and most beautiful worker.

　　Gao Fenglin, male, born in 1962, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, is a special fusion welder and senior technician of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. In his hands, the welding torch is a needle, and the arc light is a line. He pursues the welding light and welds a sky on the "golden thread" of the rocket engine. He is the special fusion welder of Capital Aerospace Machinery Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the team leader of the rocket engine welding workshop, and the national senior technician — — Gao Fenglin.

　　It is said that Gao Fenglin is a "golden hand welding", not only because early people called the welder trained by argon gas, which is more expensive than gold, "golden hand"; It is also because the object he is welding is very expensive, and it is an engine known as the "heart" of the rocket; But also because he has reached a height that ordinary people can’t reach in the field of rocket engine welding. "Golden Hand and Sky Welding" is a portrayal of Gao Fenglin’s superb skills and repeated difficulties in welding technology, and it is also the embodiment of the elegant demeanor of high-skilled aerospace workers in the new era.

　　First, I am determined to serve the country and practice welding skills in the aerospace industry.

　　Gao Fenglin, who just stepped out of school, entered the argon arc welding group of the rocket engine welding workshop with abundant talents, and studied skills with the first generation of argon arc welders in China. In order to practice basic skills, he used to use chopsticks to gesture welding and wire feeding when eating, used to hold a jar full of water to practice stability when drinking water, held an iron block to practice endurance when resting, and even braved the high temperature to observe the flow law of molten iron. Gradually, Gao Fenglin’s accumulated energy generate came out.

　　In the 1990s, the welding of the large nozzle of a new type of high thrust hydrogen-oxygen engine designed for China’s main rocket Changsanjia series launch vehicles once became a bottleneck in development. The length of all welds is nearly 900 meters, and the pipe wall is thinner than a piece of paper. If the welding torch stays for 0.1 second, the pipe may burn through or leak. Once burn through and leak occur, not only the large nozzle will be scrapped, but also the development progress and launch date of the rocket will be affected. Through continuous exploration, Gao Fenglin and his colleagues overcame two major difficulties, namely burning through and welding leakage, with superb skills. However, the X-ray inspection of the first welded large nozzle shows that there are more than 200 cracks in the weld, and the large nozzle will be sentenced to death. Undaunted, Gao Fenglin made an analysis and investigation from the aspects of material performance and structural characteristics of large nozzle. In the end, at the high-level technical analysis meeting, he boldly said in the questioning voice of many technical experts that it was a fake crack! After the cutting test, it is shown that his judgment is correct under the microscope of 200 times. In this regard, the first large nozzle was successfully sent to the test bench, and the successful application of this new type of large thrust engine greatly improved the carrying capacity of our rocket.

　　With more and more urgent and difficult jobs, Gao Fenglin has shouldered more and more burdens. In the welding research of a certain type of ejector, he made bold improvements, which solved the unsolved problems in the past year and a half and ensured the delivery of products with an output value of nearly 100 million. The launch system of a national submarine-based key model is in trouble near the critical moment of launch. Under the direct instruction of the model chief engineer, Gao Fenglin studied and adopted special techniques, and eliminated the fault overnight, thus ensuring the launch of this product as scheduled.

　　Second, the courage to innovate, self-breakthrough achievement expert workers

　　Gao Fenglin dared to try in his work, persisted in innovation and breakthrough, and turned countless "impossible" into "possible". The qualified rate of a certain engine component is only 35%. It takes half a year for the model to produce a large number of qualified products. This product is processed by soldering, while Gao Fenglin’s major is fusion welding, which is a cross-disciplinary research. Gao Fenglin understood the mechanism from the theoretical level and grasped the key from the technical level. He ran to the library, browsed professional and technical websites, and tried his best to search for relevant information at home and abroad. Every day, Gao Fenglin led the team members to conduct experiments in an operation room of more than 20 square meters, and conducted hundreds of experiments in two months, clarifying the genetic mechanism of the two materials, and repeatedly improving them from the aspects of environment, temperature and operation control. The final processing technology made the qualified rate of the product reach 90%.

　　The continuous success did not make Gao Fenglin feel high. Instead, he felt the value of knowledge more and more, and thought that operators should arm their minds with wisdom to better guide the practical operation. After leaving school for 8 years, Gao Fenglin re-entered the campus, picked up his textbooks and began his hard spare-time study for 4 years. During the day, he shuttled to the work site, training ground and classroom, and at night, he studied with two thick stacks of books until 3 or 4 o’clock. Due to excessive tension and fatigue, his hair fell off in handfuls when he was less than 30 years old. Everything comes to him who waits. Gao Fenglin first achieved good results in practice and theory in the technical competition, and soon got a college diploma that he had been looking forward to for many years. After that, he completed his study from undergraduate to graduate.

　　Not only can you do it, but you can also write it to guide others to do it. Gao Fenglin has been asking herself this way. In the butt welding of engine nozzle, which is very difficult to operate, Gao Fenglin studied the characteristics of the product and applied what he learned flexibly, and put forward the "anti-deformation compensation method" to control the deformation. Later, this process won the second prize of national scientific and technological progress; He also edited the first model engine welding technical operation manual and other industry specifications, and was appointed to participate in the formulation of relevant aerospace standards for many times. Through the process of self-study, practice, summary and re-practice, Gao Fenglin has gradually become an authoritative welding expert in China and an expert worker who combines profound theory with exquisite skills in everyone’s eyes.

　　In 2006, the antimatter detector project involving 16 countries and regions in the world was in trouble because of the manufacturing problem of low temperature superconducting magnets. The proposals put forward by two groups of international and domestic technical experts failed to pass the review of the international alliance led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). At a loss, Professor Ding Zhaozhong, a Nobel Prize winner, inquired about Gao Fenglin and asked him to help. Gao Fenglin went to the site to conduct basic research and textual research. He pointed out: according to the traditional control method, the previous two schemes are impeccable, but there are great hidden dangers for this special structure. He stated his design scheme, which was finally recognized by NASA and the League of Nations. An expert commented on Gao Fenglin: "You have both profound theory and rich practical experience. You look at the problem from two dimensions. It seems that highly skilled talents are of great use!"

　　Third, be willing to give, and work hard to witness the ordinary greatness.

　　The particularity and risk of aerospace products determine that many problems must be solved under very difficult and dangerous conditions. Gao Fenglin is willing to devote himself to the front line of welding, working hard, facing up to difficulties at the most needed moment, and has made extraordinary achievements in his "ordinary" post.

　　In order to meet the launch of large-capacity and large-tonnage satellites, China has built the largest full-arrow vibration test tower in Asia, in which the welding of the vibration girder is the key, which belongs to the first-class weld, and the material used to make the vibration girder is very special and the welding is very difficult. In order to meet the welding requirements of vibrating girder, Gao Fenglin should operate continuously at high temperature. The surface temperature of the weldment reached several hundred degrees, and Gao Fenglin’s hands were baked dry, and a series of blisters were bulging. In order to finish the task on time and with good quality, he gritted his teeth and finally welded a qualified vibration beam. During the later manned spaceflight project, the vibrating girder was upgraded and tested. The results show that the welding quality of the girder is good, and the bearing capacity can be increased from 360 tons to 420 tons, which can continue to serve for the development of launch vehicles in China. The vibrating girder has stood the test of time, and Gao Fenglin’s hands are still scarred by severe burns.

　　During the development and production of Long March 5, the engine suddenly leaked from the inner wall during the launch pad test. Standing on the test bench facing the product, behind him is a mountain stream of tens of meters, and Gao Fenglin is fearless in times of crisis. Because of the special environment, the fault point can’t be observed, and the operating space is very narrow, Gao Fenglin managed to finish the "emergency rescue" by using superb skills and special techniques under the condition that he could barely fit into one arm.

　　Gao Fenglin has been rooted in the front line of aerospace and engaged in the welding of rocket engines. He has overcome more than 200 difficulties in major research projects of aerospace product engine models. He has also actively contributed his talents to fill technical gaps in titanium alloy bicycles, large vacuum furnaces, ultra-thin large bellows and other fields, creating value for the national economy. Foreign-funded enterprises have been hired with high salary and housing, and he is unmoved; Many times can be promoted, Gao Fenglin also gave up. He always believed that his roots were in the welding post.

　　Fourth, willing to educate people, preaching and teaching paved the way for peaches and plums.

　　It is not spring to outshine others. Apart from being a master of skills, Gao Fenglin also has a significant job, which is to continuously train more outstanding aerospace high-skilled talents like him.

　　In terms of technology inheritance, Gao Fenglin unreservedly passed on his accumulated rich experience to young people. He groped and summed up a set of methods for talent training and management. His advocacy of "mentoring by teachers" and "One Belt and One Belt" and his creation of "welding" education method have been widely recognized and applied in practice. It has cultivated five national technical experts and one central enterprise technical expert. He was invited by the Central Organization Department and Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China to have an exchange of "artisan spirit", participated in the "activities of artisans from big countries entering the campus" and "exhibition of innovative achievements of workers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait" of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and actively promoted the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit.

　　In 2005, Gao Fenglin’s team was jointly named "Gao Fenglin Team" by China National Defense Posts and Telecommunications Union and Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, becoming the first team named after a model worker in the First Aerospace Institute. As a demonstration base for team building, Gao Fenglin team has fully played a typical demonstration and radiation-driven role in producing models, achievements, talents and experiences. Teams and teams have teamed up with more than 30 teams inside and outside the space system to carry out various exchanges and cooperation. Through technical cooperation, more than 20 major scientific research topics such as aerospace engine welding and development have been solved. Received many training courses for national excellent team leaders of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as well as visits and exchanges from nearly 200 brother units such as China Commercial Aircraft, China Electric Power Branch and Shougang Group. Under the leadership of Gao Fenglin, the team has successively won many honorary titles such as "National Worker Pioneer", National Learning Excellent Team, National Safety Production Demonstration Team and Central State-owned Enterprise Learning Red Flag Team "Benchmark" with its impressive performance. In 2011, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security awarded Team Gao Fenglin as a national skill master studio. In 2017, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions awarded Gao Fenglin Team as a national model model worker and craftsman talent innovation studio.

　　At the moment when the ambulance siren sounded, in addition to the patients and their families waiting anxiously, there were also emergency medical staff who were eager to get to the scene. In the face of patients seeking help, ambulance drivers play a vital role in fighting for rescue time. In recent days, drivers in the emergency department of Jinshui District General Hospital in Zhengzhou City have become "on fire". In order to shorten the visiting time, more than a dozen drivers spent nearly half a year in their spare time to draw a visiting map covering 1,056 residential buildings in 52 communities. A few days ago, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from Director Zhao of the emergency department of Jinshui District General Hospital in Zhengzhou that the use of the visiting map shortened the visiting time by 5 to 10 minutes, and it will be continuously updated and improved according to the construction of residential areas within the visiting scope in the future.

　　45 hand-painted maps bring together 1056 buildings.

　　Recently, the hand-painted map of the driver’s class in the emergency department of Jinshui District General Hospital in Zhengzhou City was "on fire", especially in the emergency circle in Zhengzhou City, the provincial capital, and many people consulted "learning from the scriptures".

　　A few days ago, the reporter of Beiqing Daily contacted Director Zhao, the emergency department of the hospital. According to him, this map of visits began to be planned very early.

　　At the beginning of 2016, after Jinshui District General Hospital moved to its current new location, there were many large-scale residential areas in the core visiting area of the emergency department, and the situation of the residential areas was also complicated, many of which were special. "For example, there are 14 small courtyards irregularly distributed in a large-scale community, and each small courtyard is independent of each other and has different access controls." Director Zhao said that it is sometimes difficult for medical staff who often receive patients to find the building where the patients are located during the day, and it is even more difficult to find the road at night. "Later, we thought, can we mark the roads in each community for the convenience of all drivers?" Later, more and more communities needed to be marked, and everyone simply collected the details of more than 50 communities.

　　Shi Shuai, the driver of the emergency department, once studied painting. He was mainly responsible for sketching in the process of making the map of home visits, and the rest of the drivers were responsible for on-site exploration of the roads and entrances of the community and marking them in detail on the map.

　　It starts from Lianhuo Expressway in the north, the North Third Ring Road in the south, Jinbei Road in the west and Wenhua Road in the east. In the core visiting area of Jinshui District General Hospital in Zhengzhou City, the masters of the driver class spent half a year familiarizing themselves with the specific conditions of more than 50 residential areas, and then they were drawn on 45 hand-drawn residential area plans by Shi Shuai, the driver and first aid worker.

　　The average consultation time is shortened by 5 to 10 minutes.

　　"The traffic conditions of roads in the community, including traffic lanes and pedestrian walkways, as well as the traffic conditions of each door in the community, especially those with fire doors and fire exits, are often the most convenient first-aid passages." Shi Shuai said that in addition to marking the location number of each building in the community, it is also necessary to clearly mark the orientation position of each unit. "Especially in the case of poor sight at night, it is convenient for medical staff to quickly find the patient’s home."

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that the contact information of the property was still left on the floor plan of many communities. Shi Shuai explained that in some high-end residential areas, it is difficult for ambulances to enter because of the separation of people and vehicles and the low underground garage door. "Everyone wrote down the switchboard of the property according to their experience. Once you receive the mission of visiting critically ill patients in the community, call the property switchboard at the first time, ask the security guard to open the ground fire door in advance, and lead the ambulance to the corresponding building to treat the patients in the most timely manner. "

　　The drawing of the home visit map directly shortens the time of receiving treatment in the emergency department. What impressed Shi Shuai was that at the end of 2017, he and his colleagues had just finished drawing the area of nearby Provence Community, and the emergency department received a call for help. Ms. Liu of Provence VI had a heart attack, and after calling 120 for help, the medical visiting team quickly determined the location according to the "visiting map". With the cooperation of the property personnel, Ms. Liu was quickly found and sent to the hospital, and finally Ms. Liu was successfully rescued.

　　"Now the 45 maps we have drawn basically cover all the reception areas of the hospital. Once we receive a phone call to confirm the location, we will find the corresponding location on the map and soon find the best way to get through. The reception time is shortened by 5 to 10 minutes on average." Shi Shuai introduced.

　　The map specially marks the location of special people.

　　In addition, Shi Shuai said that he and his colleagues also specially marked the location of special people in the community on the map. "For example, there are many elderly residents in some communities. The buildings No.19 and No.20 in a certain community are low-rent houses, and all of them live in low-income households, even the disabled and widowed elderly. In response to their help, our doctors, nurses and drivers must try their best to give special care. "

　　Master Xia worked in the emergency department of Jinshui District General Hospital for many years. Once he received a 120 call for help, he learned that an old man in his 90 s suddenly became incontinent, and his son in his 70 s took care of the old man. Because the elevator is too small, it can only be carried by people. "Master Xia picked up the old man without saying anything and sent him to the ambulance." Shi Shuai said that no matter which driver in the driver’s class encounters such a situation, he will fight for more rescue time for the patient like Master Xia.

　　Talking about the original intention of hand-painted maps, Shi Shuai said that in fact, the original intention of hand-painted maps is to compress time against time and get patients treated as soon as possible. "As long as you work in the emergency department for one day, everyone can feel that time is life."

　　"After our hand-drawn map is made, the driver class will have one copy, which greatly improves the efficiency of home visits." Director Zhao said that because of the rapid construction of Zhengzhou North District, this hand-drawn map will be further improved with the surrounding environment and the construction of residential areas.

　　Text/reporter Zhang Xiangmei

　　This round of oil price increase can really be described as "meat pain". Compared with the previous small fights, this round of price increases has indeed interpreted a "wolf coming". The fluctuation of oil price can’t be controlled, but the level of fuel consumption can be controlled. Driving skills and traffic congestion are very important. But more importantly, I think from the technical level, not to lose power and driving sense, but also to have lower fuel consumption, hybrid technology immediately entered the alternative list. In the context that oil prices are likely to continue to climb, have you begun to pay attention to hybrid models?

　　First, Toyota Saina

　　Model guide price: 309,800-405,800 yuan

　　Highlights of the model: synchronization with overseas, 2.5L dual-engine power.

　　Since hybrid technology has attracted attention, Toyota can be said to have dominated for a long time. Whether in domestic or international markets, the performance is quite eye-catching. Today, the Toyota family has brought the latest dual-engine power. All its main models are equipped, so let’s take a look at the very topical Toyota Saina today.

　　Saina, of course, was born on the brand-new Toyota TNGA-K platform, and is the same as the fourth-generation Toyota Highlander. We have deeply understood the product advantages brought by the brand-new platform from Asian Dragon, new RAV4 and other models. Among them, the biggest feature is the hybrid power system composed of 2.5-liter naturally aspirated engine and motor. In the same class, this power combination has distinctive characteristics, ride comfort and fuel consumption are also very close to the people, which can be said to be one of the biggest highlights of Saina.

　　In terms of appearance, Toyota Saina has almost maintained the same shape as overseas models, and basically achieved the original flavor. While leaning towards home style, it highlights a little business atmosphere. The front of the car looks round, with rich shapes and levels. The slender headlights play a role in segmentation, but also make the front face look less bloated. The exaggerated net shape at the bottom also looks like it is eyeing.

　　The body size of Saina is maintained at the mainstream level, 5165/1995/1765mm, and the wheelbase is 3060 mm. The biggest feature of the car side is the use of the waistline of the car body, which has a strong three-dimensional effect and makes the car body appear thicker. The rear of the car is also stocky and there is no lack of design, and the extension and shape of the taillights are very three-dimensional, which echoes the headlights. On the whole, the design of Saina can still meet the tastes of most consumers, and there is not much controversy.

　　However, in the interior part, Toyota’s performance is a bit enterprising, and it is also the most unsatisfactory point, especially when it is not refined enough in the localization transformation. The central control screen as thick as a brick on RAV4 and Willanda and the car system with monotonous color and lack of experience have already disappointed consumers. However, the experience and operation of this set of car machines in Saina can only be said that the progress is limited, and there are changes. Except for the larger size, it can’t be compared with the current mainstream brands or even independent brands. In contrast, GL8 is the best example. Pan-Asia has laid a strong local flavor of China for GL8, while retaining the necessary American luxury. Toyota should not fail to understand the truth that there is a car in front and a road behind.

　　Saina’s use of space is also very extreme. Three rows of seats are necessary, and the second row has no problems in front and back adjustment, function and comfort. The actual experience of the third row of seats depends on the size of the occupant. If it is too big and strong, it is recommended to use it only for short-distance emergency.

　　The trunk of the Saina has formed a deep pit structure, which is completely inherited from the design style of North America. Don’t underestimate this design. During the actual experience, it is found that its volume can be stuffed into an adult, and it can be accommodated when the third row is not used. Therefore, the ingenious design is the core for a car like Saina.

　　In terms of power, Saina is equipped with Toyota’s 2.5L twin-engine hybrid. Matching E-CVT gearbox, as mentioned above, fuel saving and smoothness are still its most prominent features. Among them, the 2.5L engine has a maximum power of 141kW and a maximum torque of 238N.m；: The maximum power of the motor is 134kW and the maximum torque is 270N.m In the actual experience, it can achieve the fuel consumption performance between 6.0 and 70L, which is still good.

　　Comments: At present, the sales volume of Saina is on the rise, and the price increase that had been raging before seems not to have completely disappeared. Anyone who can buy this car at a higher price is probably true love powder, or that sentence, just like it.

　　Second, Honda Odyssey sharp and mixed

　　Model guide price: RMB 235,800-354,800.

　　Highlights of the model: the design of the small change is more reasonable and easy to operate. Sharp and hybrid bring better driving experience.

　　Odyssey can be said to be an evergreen tree in the home MPV market, and the overall design idea is also different from other models. First of all, the overall body lines are relatively round, and the more compact size can bring more flexible handling performance. Unlike the bloated body like Senna and GL8, it is more calm and calm when the car meets and the parking space is tight. If the hostess at home often drives MPV, she should prefer Odyssey, and I will push it first.

　　In terms of interior design, Odyssey is also more inclined to home, and the home style is very strong. After a small change, the classic key shift mechanism is used to save a lot of operating space. Give consideration to design and aesthetic feeling. After the change, the size of the central control panel has changed, and the color has become richer and more delicate. At the same time, the air conditioning control area below has been redesigned and operated by touch, which has obviously improved both in style and function. On the whole, I feel that the taste of home is very strong, lacking a little business breath, which is especially suitable for family use. Another storage slot is added to the glove box of the front passenger, which is ingenious in design. At the same time, the central control area is covered with soft materials in a large area, which makes the sense of grade and touch more pleasing.

　　The seat of Odyssey is actually elegant. The first feature is that it is very thick, which fully explains the basic characteristics that an MPV model should have. Besides comfort, flexibility is another major feature. The shoulders of the second row of seats can be adjusted independently, and they can also move left and right. The third row of seats can also be magically "backflips", which is particularly suitable for fishing scenes. These are the features that other models don’t have. At the same time, Odyssey has also launched a well-being car to facilitate people with disabilities to get on and off, and it is commendable to consider it more carefully and comprehensively.

　　The sliding door is also the soul of an MPV model. Odyssey uses electric+gesture control operation, which has a high recognition rate and is more convenient to operate.

　　At the configuration level, the Odyssey has been upgraded after a small change to provide 18-inch wheels, electric trunk, lumbar support, ventilation of the second row of seats, heating, massage, LED far and near lights and so on. At the same time, it has a relatively complete driving assistance system (lane departure warning/maintenance assistance, active safety system, full-speed adaptive cruise), and provides front airbags, front side airbags, head airbags and other configurations. In addition, it is equipped with panoramic images, bilateral electric side-sliding doors, automatic headlights, automatic folding of exterior mirrors, and multi-zone automatic air conditioning. In terms of intelligent configuration, this time, a 7-inch LCD instrument+a 10.1-inch floating central control panel is added, and the latest Honda CONNECT 3.0 intelligent guidance interconnection system is embedded under the screen, which can realize mainstream functions such as voice recognition, remote control, car networking and OTA upgrade.

　　In terms of power, the Odyssey is equipped with Honda’s third-generation i-MMD hybrid system, and uses a powertrain consisting of a 2.0L self-priming engine and a motor. The comprehensive maximum power is 215 horsepower, which satisfies most of the use scenarios. The initial acceleration of the motor and the application of the E-CVT gearbox make the Odyssey very smooth to drive, and there is no feeling of frustration.

　　Comments: Odyssey is more inclined to family use scenarios. After a small change, the configuration has been improved, and the consideration is more thoughtful. However, the space is short-board, and the ultimate utilization rate and loading capacity are not as good as those of GL8 and other models.

　　Third, Mocha DHT-PHEV

　　Model guide price: 295,000-315,000 yuan

　　Highlights of the model: the self-developed hybrid system makes the motor more powerful and advanced.

　　There is nothing we can do about the rapid rise of oil prices, but the iteration and progress of technology are also rapid. More crucially, these core technologies have begun to be gradually mastered in independent brands. Great Wall Motor, which has a huge consumer group, has introduced a variety of hybrid models to consumers, among which Moka DHT-PHEV is undoubtedly a very important product in the family. Not long ago, Moka DHT-PHEV officially announced its price. Among the many highlights, I believe that most consumers pay more attention to its hybrid technology. Many media have tested a circle on the Seventh Ring Road in Beijing before, with only one purpose, that is, a box of oil challenges 1000km.

　　Different people have different views on style and modeling, so I won’t describe it too much here. From the overall modeling point of view, Moka DHT-PHEV continues the family design, and the most striking thing is the huge hexagonal net. Together with WEY’s LOGO, the overall recognition is very high. The rectangular headlights on both sides and the vertical decorations on both sides of the bumper make this Mocha DHT-PHEV look fuller and more angular.

　　The side of the car is still treated with a high waistline, and the popular hidden door handle is also used, with 21-inch highlighted black wheels, which highlights a certain sports model. The design of the rear of the car is highly consistent with the front of the car, and the taillight style and bottom decoration are almost the same. But it lacks some innovative elements. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of Moka DHT-PHEV are 4875/1960/1690mm and the wheelbase is 2915mm, respectively.

　　The interior design is also consistent with the traditional fuel version, equipped with a 14.6-inch floating central control panel to increase the size of the AR-HUD head-up display, as well as a voice recognition system and AI intelligent facial recognition. Mocha DHT-PHEV has five millimeter-wave radar probes and a forward-looking camera, which are used to provide hardware support for L2 autonomous driving. I just hope that there will be no other twists and turns in the Qualcomm high-performance chip.

　　Another key feature of Moka DHT-PHEV is its intelligence, and it also supports NOH intelligent pilot-assisted driving system. It can automatically drive and command vehicles to go up and down the ramp on high-speed and urban expressways, follow the navigation route automatically all the way, and intelligently control the speed and distance of the preceding vehicle according to the road speed limit and road shape.

　　Finally, talk about power. The Great Wall lemon hybrid DHT system is a hybrid system developed by the Great Wall for three years. At present, the HEV/PHEV hybrid system has been fully installed on the main models of the Great Wall, while the Moka DHT-PHEV is equipped with a 1.5T engine and motor combination, with the maximum power of the engine being 115kW (156HP) and the maximum power of the front/rear drive motor being 135kW. The ternary lithium battery pack with a capacity of 39.67kWh is used, and the pure electric cruising range is 204km under WLTC conditions.

　　At present, many consumers pay attention to PHEV models in two aspects: pure battery life and feed fuel consumption. High pure battery life can prevent car owners from looking for charging piles frequently in order to ensure a better fuel-saving experience, while feed fuel consumption can better reflect the consistency of vehicles and whether the technology is mature and reliable. Avoid embarrassing things, and be consistent with electricity and electricity. After testing, the two-wheel drive long-life version of Moka DHT-PHEV can achieve WLTC fuel consumption of 5.5L； per 100 kilometers; The high-performance electric four-wheel drive model can achieve WLTC’s fuel consumption of 6.3L per 100 kilometers. The performance is still good.

　　Comments: The overall feeling of Moka DHT-PHEV is very clear and familiar. The driving style is similar to the previous fuel version, but it is undoubtedly more fuel efficient.

　　Fourth, Geely Xingyue L Raytheon Hi-X hybrid version

　　Model price: none

　　Highlights of the model: the technical upgrade of star products, the world’s first hybrid model equipped with a 3-speed electric drive transmission DHT Pro.

　　In the self-owned brand SUV in 2021, Geely Xingyue L is definitely a very eye-catching one, which makes people look at it with its strong product strength. However, Geely obviously does not want to stop at the level of traditional fuel vehicles, and the arrival of hybrid systems is also a matter of course. Still at the Guangzhou Auto Show in 2021, we saw the official release of Geely Xingyue L Raytheon Hi·X hybrid version.

　　Geely Xingyue L Raytheon Hi·X hybrid version basically follows the outline of the gasoline version in appearance, but it is bolder in the adjustment and depiction of details, which has a sci-fi color and a strong tram style. The most significant change in the front face comes from the middle net area, adding a number of self-luminous parts, including the LOGO and the luminous design on both sides, which are very clear and easy to identify even during the day. The grille style built in China Net has also changed the arrangement style, and the hybrid model is more gas-filled than the gasoline version. The second is the style of the bottom bumper, which has also been designed into a very representative "X" shape. Once again, it enriches the sci-fi color attributes of vehicles. In other body details, the hybrid version of Raytheon Hi·X has not changed much.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a DHE15 hybrid engine, with a thermal efficiency of 43.32% and a high-efficiency area coverage rate of nearly 50%. Xingyue L Raytheon Hi·X hybrid version is equipped with a hybrid power system consisting of a 1.5T three-cylinder engine, with a maximum power of 110kW(150 HP) and a peak torque of 225Nm. With the dual-motor system, the combined maximum power of the power system is 180kW(245 HP), matching the DHT Pro 3-speed hybrid electric drive gearbox, and the NEDC cruising range is nearly 1300km.

　　The most striking thing is that Xingyue L Raytheon Hi·X hybrid version is the world’s first hybrid product equipped with a 3-speed electric drive transmission DHT Pro. According to official data, the car’s acceleration time is 7.9s, and the longest cruising range with full oil reaches 1300 kilometers.

　　The 3-speed electric drive transmission DHT Pro will not be described in detail here. Simply put, it is no longer a gearbox in the traditional sense, but also can independently participate in the electric drive device, which is also the intelligent energy control center of the whole hybrid system. At the same time, intelligence is another major feature. The 3-speed electric drive transmission DHT Pro in the car is also fully integrated with the intelligent electronic and electrical architecture GEEA 2.0, so that the system can identify the driver’s driving habits and road congestion, and realize the adaptive, autonomous learning and adjustment of driving mode.

　　Comments: Xingyue L Raytheon Hi·X, like other hybrid models, is efficient, energy-saving and pays attention to intelligent expansion, and it also has the advantage of interior space, which is also very important.

　　Fuel-saving, long battery life, more intelligent, but also have a rich driving experience. This is the new expectation that consumers put forward for hybrid models at present. It seems a bit harsh, but don’t worry, the above is no longer unattainable today. If you haven’t done it yet, it means that you are out of date.

　　Heilongjiang Daily, June 15th Qiqihar people are famous for their sharp mouths, and the meaty feeling in their mouths is not good at all. To this end, the major barbecue shops in Qiqihar have racked their brains to "practice hard work", the stores have been continuously upgraded, and the dishes have been iteratively innovated … But no matter how they are changed or changed, the TOP-rated famous shops on the top list of barbecue rivers and lakes have always been red for decades. These owners of Qiqihar Treasure Barbecue Store say that high standards, high quality and high service are the foundation of their career, and they have won the trust of more and more repeat customers, repeat customers and permanent customers.

　　The meat is so selective. Choose that piece of meat.

　　Good meat is the greatest strength of all Qiqihar barbecue shops. Beef cattle such as Holstein and Angus, which grew up eating natural grass, have no smell at all.

　　"When we served meat, we had to queue up at the wholesale point in the early hours of the morning, just to wait for the good meat that we were thinking about. Now the quality of beef in Qiqihar has been greatly improved, and there are more meat shops, which can be more selective. I called the meat shop the night before to tell me to leave the meat and specify the tender part in the middle. " Cao Hongli, the owner of Hanyuan’s large piece of meat, said that the standard of her meat selection is to choose the fat as much as possible. Cut it from the middle to see if the snowflakes are seeping from the inside out. If there are no snowflakes inside, it will definitely not be fragrant when baked. "The ratio of fat to thin is best to open in 37 or 46."

　　Meris’s large piece of meat is a unique barbecue food in Qiqihar, and Zhao Xingjia’s large piece of meat is a well-known local old shop, and its boss is also the founder of Meris Village’s original large piece of meat. Gao Ying, the person in charge of the store, told the reporter that this store has been open for 18 years, and the biggest secret is the good meat. "The boss personally chooses the meat every day, and every piece of meat has to pass through his hand. He said that this meat can only be used." The four or five suppliers we cooperated with all knew that Zhao Xingjia’s boss was "too busy" to be fooled, and the meat he sent was also carefully selected Angus pure anhydrous prime beef. "I don’t care about the cost of meat at home. One kind of meat never uses the second kind, and the expensive one never uses the cheap one. Our philosophy is to give consumers the best meat." Gao Ying said that she must use the first seven rib fans at home, and the upper brain is to remove the essence at both ends. "It is never too troublesome to pick it every day."

　　How to choose meat? Boss Zhao Changzhi smiled and told the reporter that he didn’t understand it when he first opened the barbecue shop. He learned a lot of meat-watching skills from others. "Put the meat on the plate to see if there is water, whether it will fall off when picked up, and then look at the texture and color. The texture of good meat is particularly beautiful like a landscape painting." Zhao Changzhi said that high-quality beef feels sticky, elastic, greasy and thick, and it won’t come loose. Now he has been doing it for almost 20 years, and he has trained a pair of "eagle" eyes. You can tell whether the meat is good or not as soon as you take a look.

　　These experts told reporters that before choosing meat, they usually have to "smell and ask" in the butcher shop, smell the smell of milk in the house, and ask the cows about the number of days of grain feeding. "If the cows don’t reach the number of days, the meat is not fat enough and the taste is not fragrant." Zhao Changzhi said. It is generally acknowledged that veal that has been slaughtered for more than 900 days is the best. It feels tight and not soft, like human muscles have a sense of resilience.

　　Famous shops and big stores use good meat, and this business philosophy inspires and drives all barbecue shops in the region. Because good meat has a passenger flow, repeat customers and a long-lasting fire.

　　The sauce is good and the dip is secret.

　　Hanyuan meat is one of the oldest treasures in Qiqihar. It has been opened for more than 20 years and has always been famous for its special Korean sauce and homemade dip. "The peers are competing to imitate, but it is either salty or light, and Hanyuan sauce has never been surpassed."

　　Cao Hongli, the boss, said that she had run a fish pot for some time before opening a large piece of meat in Hanyuan. "My mother and sister-in-law are both Koreans. I have been exposed to many traditional Korean foods since I was a child, and the hot sauce used when opening a fish pot is very popular." On one occasion, she ate at a barbecue shop opened by a Korean in Dalian, and watched people roast with raw meat dipped in sauce. When she came back, she thought about it and developed her own sauce with the memory of the tip of her tongue, which was used in the operation of the barbecue shop. "The sauces were all cooked by ourselves. In Qiqihar, only my family dared to soak and dip the raw meat in the sauce before roasting."

　　How can Korean barbecue get less hot sauce dip! In the seasoning area of the store, there are no less than 20 kinds of boiled wet materials and fried dry materials, which fill the whole display table. "We cooked twenty-seven or eight kinds of dip at most, and there are still several kinds that haven’t come up yet!" Cao Hongli said that Koreans are born to be masters of pickles, and there are chefs who specialize in making sauces and dipping materials once every two or three days for all branches to use.

　　When eating barbecue, did you mix all the spices with the experience? Cao Hongli grasped the diners’ love for ingredients but bad habits, and developed very popular sweet and spicy sauces, Korean garden sauces, sesame barbecue sauces, dry materials, crispy materials, spicy materials, etc., which just met the tastes of diners. Among them, the most popular wet ingredients are sweet and sour spicy sauce and salty Hanyuan sauce. "Sweet and spicy sauce is made of Chili and white sugar. All peppers are artificially hammered out with a stick. It is pure and ancient. It is fragrant but not spicy." Cao Hongli said that the sweet and sour sesame barbecue sauce is especially suitable for traditional family meat mixing, which contains nearly 20 kinds of seasonings such as sesame, peanuts, cumin, sesame sauce and sugar. Spicy seasoning is a perfect match for large pieces of meat, which is fried with sesame and cumin. There is also a distinctive fresh pepper sauce, "with garlic sprouts inside, it tastes very fresh."

　　Charcoal looks good, fire looks good, and charcoal says more.

　　There is actually a lot to say here about how to roast the meat so that the diners can stay fragrant.

　　In the traditional barbecue shop of Sasami on Dongsidao Street, the figure of Master Tan Changmiao is busy going in and out, constantly calculating the amount of carbon used, the amount of carbon left and the amount of carbon needed according to the change of passenger flow. Every day from 9 o’clock to work, he has to deal with 100 kilograms of charcoal. In his operation room, a 1.8-meter-high charcoal stove keeps releasing heat and energy. In Master Miao’s view, guests can only eat well if the charcoal is well raised. "My household uses bamboo charcoal, which has less smoke, is resistant to burning and is environmentally friendly." Master Miao said that if the charcoal fire would be tender during lunch time, he would pinch the time to burn charcoal, a little earlier than serving. If at dinner time, most of the charcoal fires are re-melted charcoal, and the fire is stronger, he will hold down the serving and serve charcoal one minute later.

　　Zhao Xingjia’s large pieces of meat are charred according to different roasted products. For ordinary natural roasting, machine-made charcoal is used, and fruit charcoal is used for roasting large pieces of meat, because it can fully roast the sweet smell of fruit wood, continue the original flavor of Qiqihar barbecue and taste better.

　　In Yang Xiaojia’s barbecue bistro, it is normal to be packed. The waiters were so busy that they didn’t touch the ground. Even so, they insisted on barbecue for each table. "In a barbecue shop, giving guests a live barbecue is the process of cooking food, and customers say that we are the real chefs here." A waiter said.

　　Chen Zhaoyi, the operator, said that the consumer group targeted by this store is young people, and the dishes have added the roast meat that young people like at present. "Most guests drink while chatting, so it is difficult to take care of the heat of the roast meat. If too much water evaporates, the meat will send firewood, so we launched a roast service."

　　"Hello, I’m Chen Xiaochun, the barbecuer, and I’m at your service now. First of all, the explosive snowflake meat of our family must be roasted with a net, so that it is close to the charcoal fire, which can quickly lock in the moisture and the roasted meat is fragrant and tender. " After that, Master Chen put a large piece of meat with a thickness of 2 mm on the baking net and snorted. This primitive and violent cooking method repeatedly asked the diners in the summer night, "Are you greedy? Still jealous! " After the juice on the meat was fully poured out and slightly bulged, Master Chen turned the large piece of meat to the other side. After turning it over two or three times repeatedly, the surface of the large piece of meat was brown and cooked. "Enjoy your meal. Call me when you eat mixed meat at home. I’ll help you change the baking tray."

　　"When the charcoal first came up, it was very prosperous. Inexperienced customers sometimes didn’t barbecue first. At this time, the barbecue chef can help customers adjust the baking order so that customers can eat well and have fun. Therefore, the experience of the barbecue chef is very important. " Chen Zhaoyi reminded that barbecue should not always turn over or press the meat with a clip. "Originally, our purpose was to lock the water and make the meat tender. If we always turn over or press the meat, it is easy to press out the original juice, and the roasted meat will be very firewood and hard."

　　Recently, a number of international investment institutions, including Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, have been "singing more" on the China stock market, and many institutions have even taken out "real money and silver" to buy more China assets.

　　Experts said that with the implementation of a series of steady growth measures in China and the accelerated optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures, the expectation of China’s economic stabilization and rebound has become clearer, attracting international institutions to re-examine the allocation value of China’s assets. In the future, under the background of China’s deepening the high-level institutional opening-up of the capital market, the efforts of international institutions to "buy in buy buy" are worth looking forward to.

　　Institutional upward adjustment expectations

　　Recently, a number of overseas investment institutions have increased their allocation to the China stock market.

　　On December 4th, Morgan Stanley upgraded the China stock market from "standard" to "over-allocation", and it is predicted that the MSCI China Index will rise by 14% by the end of 2023. Wang Ying, chief equity strategist of Morgan Stanley China, said that the evaluation framework shows that the prevention and control measures of China epidemic are continuously optimized, the real estate market is stabilized, and the regulatory adjustment is in the final stage, so the stock risk premium may be improved, so the target price for the entire China market is raised, and there is a greater chance of revaluation by 2023.

　　Coincidentally, on November 30, Goldman Sachs also said that it would also give a proposal of "high allocation" for A-share investment in 2023, and it is expected that the valuation of A-shares will rebound significantly. Liu Jinjin, chief China equity strategist of Goldman Sachs, said that under the expectation that the macro-control is intensified and the GDP growth rate is expected to pick up, we are optimistic about the performance of China stocks listed at home and abroad.

　　Bank of America’s strategy team believes that China’s domestic stocks are bound to rise due to the excess savings of China residents and the continuous optimization of epidemic prevention policies. Rui Dalio, the founder of Bridgewater, believes that some valuable assets can be found in the China market at present. China is the second largest economy in the world, and investors can improve their diversification by investing in China.

　　The support of international institutions is not groundless. Recently, the overseas listed China ETF, China Stock Exchange and offshore RMB exchange rate all ushered in a wave of solid rise, which enhanced the confidence of foreign institutions to invest in China. For example, since November, the net value of iShares MSCI China ETF with a scale of over $7 billion has increased by over 30%; NASDAQ Jinlong China Index rose by more than 40% in November, the largest monthly increase since records began in 2003. The RMB exchange rate has also recently gone out of a strong upward trend. On the morning of December 5, the offshore RMB exchange rate against the US dollar rose to 6.9813, the highest since mid-September.

　　"At present, some major economies continue to tighten monetary policy, the risk of economic recession has intensified, and market return expectations have weakened. In contrast, China has a stable economic development and clear investment logic. " Li Zhan, chief economist of China Merchants Fund Research Department, analyzed that China’s economy is changing from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and there are a lot of investment opportunities in the process of industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading in various industries. At the same time, China recovered quickly from the impact of the epidemic, and its economy rebounded significantly in the third quarter, and its position in the global industrial chain was rising day by day. In addition, China’s financial opening to the outside world has been continuously promoted, and the channels for foreign investors to participate in the domestic financial market have been continuously optimized, attracting the attention of more and more international investors.

　　The attractiveness of A shares has increased.

　　In addition to high-profile "singing more" China assets, foreign investors also took out "real money and silver" and continued to substantially increase their positions in A shares. As of December 6, the net purchase of northbound funds in 30 days exceeded 75 billion yuan, and the net purchase in the past 10 days reached 42.8 billion yuan.

　　Looking forward to 2023, the market expects that the pace of foreign investment "buying in buy buy" will continue to accelerate. "In 2022, nearly 70% of the financing amount in the A-share market comes from science and technology innovation board and the Growth Enterprise Market, which fully reflects the support of the capital market for technological innovation enterprises and emerging industries." Sun Jin, a partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers China Comprehensive Business Services Department, said that in 2023, with the steady progress of the comprehensive registration system reform and the introduction of more measures to support scientific and technological innovation, the international attractiveness of the A-share market will be further enhanced.

　　As for the investment industry, the strategy team of Goldman Sachs believes that with the implementation of policies and measures to stabilize growth and the continuous optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures, the unemployment rate in China will drop, labor income will improve, consumer confidence will be restored, and consumer services, medical equipment and service sectors will rebound strongly, especially in tourism, catering, entertainment and aviation industries.

　　"Next, the geopolitical situation will enter a relatively calm stage, and the equity cost and equity risk premium will gradually decline, which will help investors reinvest in the China stock market. The consumer sector is the beneficiary of economic opening up. We further increase our exposure to this sector and continue to suggest increasing the allocation of offshore China stocks. " Wang Ying said.

　　In order to better attract foreign investment into the China market, Tian Lihui, president of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, believes that it is necessary to persist in promoting the high-level institutional opening-up of the capital market and make overall plans for development and security. It is necessary to continue to expand the interconnection quota, continuously increase the variety of international products, gradually liberalize the restrictions on foreign-funded shares of financial institutions, and continue to promote the internationalization of the RMB. At the same time, the capital market should be opened to the outside world with gates, there should be room for trading rules, and market supervision should be real-time and prudent to prevent foreign hot money speculation and prevent the spread of foreign financial risks.

　　Fang Xinghai, vice chairman of China Securities Regulatory Commission, also said recently that high-quality overseas capital market institutions are welcome to invest and exhibit in China. In the future, we will further improve the institutional framework for opening up the capital market, accelerate the implementation of various opening-up measures, and attract and gather more outstanding international institutions and talents to participate in China’s capital market. We will continue to improve relevant institutional arrangements, further facilitate cross-border investment by domestic and foreign investors, and better support cross-border financing development of enterprises.

　　Competing for exhibition industry in China

　　Since the beginning of this year, the policy dividends to further improve the convenience of foreign investment in China’s assets have been released intensively, giving foreign institutions a "reassurance" to enter the China market.

　　On April 26th, the CSRC issued the Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Public Offering of Fund Industry, proposing to support high-quality overseas financial institutions with long-term investment will to set up fund management companies or expand the shareholding ratio. On November 18th, the People’s Bank of China and the foreign exchange bureau jointly issued the Regulations on Fund Management of Foreign Institutional Investors’ Investment in China Bond Market, which improved and clarified the requirements for fund management of foreign institutional investors’ investment in China Bond Market.

　　The convenience of foreign-funded institutions’ exhibition industry in China has been continuously improved, and the business scope and regulatory requirements have achieved national treatment. At present, more than 10 foreign-controlled or wholly-owned securities fund futures companies, such as JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, Nomura and UBS, have been successively approved, and foreign banks such as Standard Chartered Bank have obtained fund custody qualifications in subsidiaries in China. Foreign private equity funds such as Qiaoshui and BlackRock have successively set up 38 wholly-owned subsidiaries.

　　On November 25th, Lubomai Fund announced that it had obtained the Public Offering of Fund business license issued by China Securities Regulatory Commission, becoming the second wholly foreign-owned fund management company newly established in China to conduct Public Offering of Fund business. Lubomai Fund said that the continuous opening of the financial market and the increasingly perfect business environment ruled by law have further enhanced Lubomai’s confidence and hope to further integrate into the development of China’s capital market in the future.

　　A number of foreign-funded institutions have started to exhibit in China. At the end of October, ICBC Wealth Management of Goldman Sachs, which was approved to open in June this year, launched the first wealth management product "Shengxin Junzhi Private Bank Enjoy Quantitative Equity Wealth Management Product Phase 1", with a maximum fundraising scale of 5 billion copies. Goldman Sachs ICBC Wealth Management previously said that after the deep correction in the previous period, the value of A shares is becoming prominent, and there is a large room for long-term holding.

　　As the first wholly foreign-owned public offering, BlackRock Fund has issued three equity funds and one "fixed income+"fund since it was approved in June 2021, and its products are diversified. Lu Wenjie, investment director of BlackRock Fund, said that A-shares are a market with great breadth and depth, wide investment scope, many related target companies and good liquidity. With the continuous strengthening of China’s opening to the outside world, it is believed that the integration of the global market and the China market will be a long-term trend.

　　"More outstanding international institutions entering the A-share market are investing in China’s economic growth prospects and the profitability of China enterprises ‘ A vote of confidence ’ Being able to form a healthy competitive interaction with domestic institutions is conducive to expanding the breadth and depth of China’s capital market, and is also conducive to the continuous improvement of service capabilities of related industries and helping China’s economic development. " Tian Lihui said.